Los efectos de la coenzima Q10, el fullereno C60 y el ácido α–lipoico en el sistema reproductor de ratas macho púberes expuestas al bisfenol A
Resumen
El bisfenol A está ampliamente reconocido como un importante contaminante tóxico del medio ambiente a nivel mundial, debido principalmente a sus amplias aplicaciones industriales y comerciales. El presente estudio pretendía evaluar el potencial de la coenzima Q10, el fullereno de carbono–60 y el ácido α–Lipoico, conocidos por su importante capacidad antioxidante, para reducir los efectos tóxicos reproductivos inducidos por el bisfenol A en ratas macho. Se asignó un total de sesenta ratas Sprague Dawley macho prepúberes a ocho grupos experimentales. Las sustancias se aplicaron por sonda oral a dosis ajustadas, disueltas en aceite de oliva y/o agua, una vez al día durante siete semanas. Las ratas fueron decapitadas 24 horas después de la última aplicación, tras lo cual se extrajeron sangre y tejidos testiculares para su análisis. La exposición al bisfenol A produjo una elevación significativa del nivel de malondialdehído sérico y testicular y una reducción significativa del nivel de enzimas antioxidantes. La concentración de espermatozoides en el epidídimo y su motilidad fueron considerablemente menores en el grupo expuesto al bisfenol en comparación al grupo control. Se evidenciaron marcados cambios histopatológicos en el tejido testicular, caracterizados por degeneración y una notable disminución de células germinales. Se determinó que la administración de coenzima Q10 y ácido α– Lipoico previno significativamente el estrés oxidativo inducido por el bisfenol A y las complicaciones asociadas, como la disfunción testicular y la disminución de la calidad del esperma epididimario. En conclusión, el bisfenol afectó negativamente al sistema reproductor desde el punto de vista bioquímico, histológico y reproductivo en ratas macho; la coenzima Q10, el fullereno de carbono–60 y el ácido α–Lipoico aliviaron estos efectos negativos.
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