Toxicocinética del plomo tras administración intravenosa y oral en ovejas no lactantes: Un estudio preliminar
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio es describir el metabolismo del plomo en ovejas (Ovis aries) con un enfoque toxicocinético y determinar su biodisponibilidad. Se utilizó una oveja clínicamente sana de un año de edad y no lactante (40 kg) quien recibió una dosis única de acetato de plomo intravenosa (0,165 mg Pb·kg-1), seguida de una administración oral (2,5 mg Pb·kg-1) después de un periodo de depuración de 40 días. En el presente estudio, se midieron los niveles de plomo, zinc, cobre y calcio presentes en la dieta antes de su administración. Se colectaron muestras sanguíneas en serie durante un período de cinco horas (intravenosa) y nueve horas (oral) y se analizaron mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica electrotérmica. Tambien se ajustaron los datos de concentración– tiempo a un modelo bicompartimental (bi–exponencial para intravenosa; bi–exponencial con término de absorción para oral) para calcular las vida mediade distribución y eliminación, el aclaramiento, los volúmenes de distribución, el tiempo medio de residencia, el área bajo la curva y la biodisponibilidad absoluta. El análisis del alimento mostró un exceso de calcio dietético. Tras la administración intravenosa, la concentración máxima de plomo alcanzó un pico de 870 μg·L-1, una distribución rápida (T½α= 0,004 h) y una eliminación lenta (T½β = 6,4 h). La administración oral del compuesto resultó en un pico significativamente más bajo (522 μg·L-1) con una biodisponibilidad absoluta de 2% probablemente atribuido a la interferencia del calcio dietético en el proceso de absorción gastrointestinal del compuesto. El volumen de distribución en estado estacionario (0,275 L·kg-1) indicó una acumulación tisular extensa. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la relevancia del modelado compartimental como una herramienta fundamental para la evaluación de la toxicocinética del plomo en rumiantes.
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