Estudio microscópico del Bulbus oculi en cabras de Alepo (Damasco)
Resumen
El ojo es uno de los órganos sensoriales más complejos y esenciales, responsable de percibir estímulos del entorno. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar histológicamente la estructura ocular de la cabra (Capra hiscus) de Alepo (Damasco), una raza ampliamente criada en las regiones del Mediterráneo Oriental y el Sureste de Anatolia para la producción de leche y carne. Se recolectaron veinte bulbos oculares (bulbus oculi) de 10 cabras adultas (5 machos y 5 hembras) y se procesaron utilizando métodos histológicos estándar. El examen reveló la presencia de las tres túnicas principales del ojo, la túnica fibrosa (esclerótica y córnea), la túnica vascular (coroides, cuerpo ciliar e iris) y la túnica nerviosa (retina). La esclerótica estaba compuesta por tres capas, epiesclerótica, substantia propria y lámina fusca, con abundantes fibras de colágeno y melanocitos. La córnea se caracterizaba por un epitelio escamoso estratificado no queratinizado, la capa de Bowman, un estroma colagenoso, la membrana de Descemet y un endotelio. Notablemente, en la unión esclerocornea se identificaron el canal de Schlemm y la malla trabecular. La coroides contenía cinco capas distintas, incluyendo un tapetum fibrosum compuesto por haces de colágeno organizados pero sin melanocitos. El cuerpo ciliar y el iris mostraron un epitelio bicapa y estructuras musculares lisas bien desarrolladas. La retina estaba compuesta por diez capas, consistentes con las de otras especies de mamíferos, y no se observaron diferencias histológicas significativas entre cabras machos y hembras. Este estudio proporciona una referencia histológica fundamental sobre el ojo de la cabra de Alepo y puede contribuir a futuros estudios clínicos y experimentales relacionados con la salud ocular y la anatomía comparada.
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