Una nueva prueba ELISA indirecta para La vigilancia serológica del adenovirus aviar en pollos: Uso de una cepa de campo con relevancia regional
Resumen
Los adenovirus aviares son importantes patógenos que causan considerables pérdidas económicas a nivel mundial y que están asociados a enfermedades como la hepatitis por cuerpos de inclusión, el síndrome de hidropericardio y la erosión de molleja. Existe una necesidad crítica de herramientas de diagnóstico rápidas, sensibles y de alto rendimiento para la vigilancia seroepidemiológica y la evaluación de la eficacia de las vacunas, ya que los métodos de diagnóstico tradicionales son limitados debido a la gran diversidad viral, lo que a menudo dificulta la eficacia de los ELISA comerciales específicos para cada grupo, puesto que los antígenos pueden no coincidir con los serotipos prevalentes en la región. Este estudio detalla el desarrollo y la validación de un ELISA indirecto diseñado para la detección de anticuerpos frente a los adenovirus aviares en pollos, utilizando un antígeno derivado de una cepa de campo de adenovirus aviares-E de Turquía y propagada en cultivo celular. El ensayo se validó utilizando 109 muestras de suero, comparadas con el kit comercial BioCheck adenovirus aviares-1 ELISA CK132. La prueba desarrollada demostró una dilución óptima de la muestra de 1:400 y un valor de corte de 0,125. Alcanzó una sensibilidad del 90,20 % y una especificidad del 100 %. Un índice kappa de Cohen de 0,675 indicó una buena concordancia con el método de referencia. Además, el ensayo mostró una buena precisión, con coeficientes de variación intraensayo (CV %) que oscilaron entre el 6,24 % y el 11,03 % y un CV % interensayo del 16,20 %, ambos dentro de los límites aceptables. Este novedoso ELISA, que emplea una cepa de campo relevante a nivel regional, ofrece una herramienta específica y eficiente con relación al coste para la vigilancia serológica del adenovirus aviar y el seguimiento de la vacunación, lo que resulta especialmente beneficioso en regiones donde las cepas circulantes varían con respecto a las cepas de las vacunas.
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