Efectos terapéuticos del salidrosido en el síndrome de ascitis de pollos de engorde a través de la vía PI3K/AKT/mTOR
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto del salidrósido en la expresión de PI3K, AKT y mTOR en el tejido pulmonar de pollos de engorde afectados por el síndrome ascítico, así como dilucidar su posible mecanismo de acción contra esta patología. Noventa pollos Qingjiao Ma fueron asignados aleatoriamente a tres grupos de treinta individuos cada uno: grupo modelo, grupo de tratamiento y grupo control. Para inducir el síndrome ascítico, tanto el grupo modelo como el de tratamiento recibieron una dieta basal enriquecida con alto contenido de grasa (5 % de aceite de colza), alta proteína (4 % de harina de pescado) y alto sodio (0,12 % de NaCl en el agua de bebida) desde el día 1 de edad hasta los 42 días de edad. El grupo de tratamiento recibió adicionalmente un 0,2 % de salidrósido en su dieta. Todos los pollos fueron sacrificados a los 42 días de edad, y se recolectó tejido pulmonar para los análisis posteriores. Los niveles de expresión de ARNm y proteínas de PI3K, AKT y mTOR en los tejidos pulmonares se analizaron mediante técnicas de qRT-PCR, IHC y WB; para el análisis estadístico se aplicó el análisis de varianza de una vía (one-way ANOVA), estableciendo el nivel de significancia en P < 0,05. En comparación con el grupo control, la expresión de PI3K, AKT y mTOR —a nivel de ARNm y proteína, incluidas sus formas fosforiladas— se encontró muy regulada al alza en los pollos de engorde con síndrome ascítico inducido (P < 0,05). El tratamiento con salidrósido revertirá estos cambios al reducir las expresiones génica y proteica de dichas moléculas señalizadoras en relación con el grupo modelo (P< 0,05). La vía de transducción de señales PI3K/AKT/mTOR participa en la aparición y progresión del síndrome ascítico, y el salidrósido probablemente ejerce efectos terapéuticos sobre esta enfermedad mediante la inhibición de dicha vía de señalización.
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