La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante* Alexey Panﬁlov 1 , Naila Askhadullina 2 , Irina Talysheva 3 , Alevtina Kormiltseva 4 , Valentina Panﬁlova 5 1 Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: ANPanﬁlov@kpfu.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-6570. 2 Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: NNAshadullina@kpfu.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-4152 3 Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: IATalysheva@kpfu.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-9225. 4 Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: ALKormilceva@kpfu.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-2676. 5 Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: VMPanﬁlova@kpfu.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-874X. Resumen. La investigación se centró en jóvenes que se adaptan a nuevos con- textos culturales o regionales. El método principal empleado fue una encuesta. Los resultados muestran que el amor, la comprensión mutua, el respeto y el apoyo siguen siendo valores familiares fundamentales, mientras que el cambio social y la globaliza- ción se perciben como inﬂuencias importantes. Surgieron diferencias de género: las mujeres dieron mayor importancia a la cercanía emocional, mientras que los hombres tendieron a priorizar la estabilidad ﬁnanciera y la independencia. A pesar de los in- dicios de una creciente autonomía, se preservaron la comunicación regular y los vín- culos afectivos con la familia, lo que indica que los valores fundamentales mantienen su relevancia incluso cuando los estudiantes se enfrentan a desafíos de adaptación en nuevos entornos. El análisis estadístico reveló una correlación moderada entre el géne- ro y la orientación de valores (V de Cramer = 0,63), lo que conﬁrma que las expecta- tivas de género siguen moldeando la percepción de los roles familiares. Los hallazgos Recibido: 11/11/2025 ~ Aceptado: 25/02/2026 INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA Revista de Trabajo Social ISSN 2244-808X ~ Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19243090 Vol. 16 (2): 454 - 473 pp, 2026 *e article was made within the framework of a grant for the implementation of fundamental and applied scientiﬁc work in scientiﬁc and educational organizations, enterprises and organiza- tions of the real sector of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation with the support of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federa- tion (agreement No. 22/2024-FIP of 25.12.2024).

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 455 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 e perception of family values by young people in a changing social environment Abstract. In modern society, the formation of traditional family values among young people is becoming increasingly important. is study explores how young people perceive traditional family values amid ongoing social change. e research focused on young people adapting to new cultural or regional contexts, such as re- location for higher education. A survey was conducted among 50 participants at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, equally divided between local resi- dents and those from the Luhansk People’s Republic. e results show that love, mutual understanding, respect, and support remain central family values, while social change and globalization are viewed as major inﬂuences. Gender diﬀerences emerged: women placed more emphasis on emotional closeness, while men tended to priori- tize ﬁnancial stability and independence. Despite signs of growing autonomy, regular communication and emotional bonds with family were preserved, indicating that core values maintain their signiﬁcance even when students face adaptation challenges in new environments. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate connection between gender and value orientation (Cramer’s V = 0.63), conﬁrming that gender-linked expectations continue to shape perceptions of family roles. e ﬁndings suggest that while traditional values remain important, young people reinterpret them in the con- text of digital life, migration, and evolving gender roles. ese reinterpretations dem- onstrate a ﬂexible approach to balancing inherited cultural norms with contemporary social realities. Overall, the study underscores the need for supportive educational and social environments that respect cultural continuity while addressing the challenges of a rapidly changing world and fostering healthy value formation among young adults. Key words: family values, youth perceptions, social change, gender diﬀerences, cognitive dissonance. INTRODUCTION In the era of globalization and digital transformation, there is a radical change in genera- tional paradigms that poses a diﬃcult choice for young people: whether to maintain established values or adapt to new challenges (demographic, ideological, value, identity)? e formulation of this problem allows us to study the perception of traditional values by university students in sugieren que, si bien los valores tradicionales siguen siendo importantes, los jóvenes los reinterpretan en el contexto de la vida digital, la migración y la evolución de los roles de género. Estas reinterpretaciones demuestran una ﬂexibilidad para equilibrar las normas culturales heredadas con las realidades sociales contemporáneas. El estudio subraya la necesidad de entornos educativos y sociales que apoyen la continuidad cultural, al tiempo que abordan los desafíos de un mundo en constante cambio y fomentan la formación de valores saludables entre los jóvenes. Palabras clave: valores familiares, percepciones juveniles, cambio social, diferencias de género, disonancia cognitiva.

456 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 the context of the transformation of traditional values. It is the modern youth of 18-25 years old, who found themselves at the “junction of eras”, who are simultaneously the carriers of traditional values and the agents of changes (Gapsalamov et al., 2020; Akhmetshin et al., 2021; Shichkin et al., 2024). One of the key traditional values for Russian society is undoubtedly the family. A survey by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) showed that even for the youngest Russians (18-24 years old), family and raising children remain a priority goal in life (74%) (VTsIOM, 2023). Nevertheless, there are many factors that inﬂuence the formation of the value attitude of young people towards the family and its traditions. One of these signiﬁcant factors is the change in the social environment. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the category “student youth of higher education”, especially to those students who, due to certain life circumstances, are forced to change their region of residence to regions with a social environ- ment that is not identical to them. e new social environment calls into question the sustain- ability of traditions, which leads to a conﬂict of values among students, especially freshmen. METHODOLOGY In the course of this study, we had to identify the perception of traditional family values by students of higher education in the context of a changing social environment based on the factors inﬂuencing the formation and change of these values, as well as determine the impact of social transformations on family relationships and students’ expectations. Research methodology During the study, we relied on the concept of cognitive dissonance by Leon Festinger (1968), who deﬁned cognitive dissonance as a person’s uncomfortable state resulting from a mis- match between their actions and thoughts. In the theory of cognitive dissonance, Leon Festinger (1968) hypothesized that internal tension (discomfort) is so unpleasant for the psyche that a person seeks to “remove” it by any means, often distorting or correcting his own views, that is, dissonance becomes an inevitable consequence of making a decision (conscious or unconscious). Research hypothesis Together, the above provisions made it possible to formulate a study hypothesis about the perception of traditional family values by higher education students in the context of social changes based on cognitive dissonance due to the need to combine conﬂicting attitudes obtained from diﬀerent sources (family, university, peers, digital environment). It follows that students’ family values depend on their social environment and cultural traditions, yet students raised in traditional families are more likely to retain traditional family values despite social changes. Social environment factors inﬂuence students’ psychological well-being, academic perfor- mance, and social adjustment. In the new social conditions, students are faced with the need to choose between two or more signiﬁcant, but contradictory values (for example, family vs. career, religion vs. science, etc.). A person is forced to make a choice that contradicts one of the sides

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 457 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 of his personality. is leads to psychological discomfort caused by the contradiction between beliefs, actions and changed circumstances. Research problems e proposed hypothesis determines the need to solve the following tasks: 1) In the context of social changes, identify the sources of cognitive dissonance among high school students in a new social environment that aﬀects their perception of traditional fa- mily values. 2) Develop a questionnaire and conduct a survey of higher school students in determining their perception of traditional family values in the context of social changes. 3) Analyze the received personal data to ﬁnd ways to harmonize the adoption of traditional family values by students of higher education in the new social conditions. Solving the tasks e indicated tasks were solved during the study as follows. Identiﬁcation of sources of cognitive dissonance in high school students in a new social environment that aﬀects their per- ception of traditional family values was carried out on the basis of a theoretical analysis of special scientiﬁc literature and statistical studies (Usova et al., 2020; Manukyan, 2022; Gritsenko et al., 2023; Korotaeva et al., 2023; Ali et al., 2024; Gilemkhanova, 2024; Karabanova et al., 2024). e problem of the current state of the sociocultural environment raises the question of the vector of cultural changes in society. As E.N. Gilemkhanova (2024) notices, trends in civiliza- tional development lead to a revision of basic cultural norms. is trend indicates a change in the perception of traditional family values by modern youth. One of the powerful trends today is the digitalization of the social environment. Establish- ing the connection between the basic values of a person and the nature of psychological adapta- tion to global digital risks was carried out by O.A. Karabanova, O.A. Tikhomandritskaya and S.V. Molchanov (2024), who identiﬁed groups diﬀering in the level of psychological adaptation to digitalization, revealed diﬀerences in basic beliefs and social beliefs, value orientations in peo- ple with diﬀerent levels of psychological adaptation to digitalization and conducted a compara- tive study of the age characteristics of psychological adaptation of the personality to digitalization in youth and middle maturity. However, V.V. Gritsenko, M.Y. Chibisova, N.V. Tkachenko and O.E. Khukhlaev (2023) point to the tendency of young people to integrate into a new social environment, which pro- vides positive relationships between indicators of socio-cultural adaptation and indicators of psychological well-being. It is worth noting that the preservation of traditional family values is one of the factors for the adaptation of the individual in the new social environment. O.V. Usova, N.G. Chevtaeva, A.S. Nikitina, C. Scavo (2020) describe the phenomenon of social representation of the family through its perception by educators as prosperous or dysfunctional, which is formed as a re- sponse to prosocial/deviant behavior demonstrated by students in grades 7-11.

458 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 e study by E.V. Korotaeva, A.S. Andryunina and I.G. Chugaeva (2023) proves that the harmonization of family and school relations as a social environment is possible if the develop- ment of educational relations is built on the principle of dialogue aimed at bringing together the interests of educational subjects, developing a single educational strategy, common values and goals of education. Within the framework of the concept of cognitive dissonance, we were interested in the work of V.R. Manukyan (2022), which focuses on the process of growing up of young people during the period of “emerging adulthood” in terms of the course of psychological separation from parents and its relationship with the formation of adult identity (subjective adulthood) and psychological well-being. Our study also focuses on the perception of traditional family values by high school stu- dents based on gender type (male vs. female). is choice is due to the desire to understand how gender interacts with traditional family values in the minds of a key group (high school students) inﬂuenced by modern sociocultural trends. Modern researchers pay great attention to gender issues. In particular, R.A. Saavedra, R. Ranjan, A. Philominraj and C.A.C. Urzua (2024) conduct an analysis of values associated with pedagogical training and diﬀerences in value preferences depending on the gender of students at universities in central-southern Chile. Anticipating a gender future in the lens of young people’s relationship ﬁnancial habits and their work and family plans are considered by E. Wolﬁnger, B. Hanckel and K. Huppatz (2025). N. Ali, U. Daraz, M. Ibrahim, M. Hussain, Y. Khan, S Ali (2024) establish the relationship between student’s gender and their family’s socioeconomic status on academic performance. A. Christoﬁdou and G. Zafeiridou (2025) pay attention to such a gender aspect as the analysis of the problem of changing fatherhood and hybrid masculinity in Cyprus, considering modern gender relations and social changes in a unique context between tradition and modernity, while noting how much this context aﬀects the behavior of a man as a man and as a father. e problem of “positive humanity”, namely the rejection of a ﬁxed gender approach, is reﬂected in the work of F. Mackay (2025), which argues that this will allow a new look at men as equal, humane, inclusive, positive and healthy people, without the need to constantly single them out as men and male representatives. In addition, research is currently underway that notes the commitment of women to tradi- tional lifestyles. In particular, R.L. Stotzer and A. Nelson (2024) distinguish three main topics of women’s choice of traditional life, namely, the belief system, practicality and sense of security, as well as the interweaving of themes of isolation and romanticization of lifestyle. e studies discussed above prompted us to clarify gender diﬀerences in the context of the perception of family values by university students in a changing social environment. In the process of analyzing the problem under study, based on a number of methods pro- posed in psychological and pedagogical science (Abrahamyan, 2009; Bukhtoyarova et al., 2015; Shcherbina, 2024), the author’s questionnaire “Perception of traditional values by university students in the context of a changing social environment” was developed, in the structure of which factors were identiﬁed that aﬀect the formation and change these values as triggers for the

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 459 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 cognitive dissonance of high school students. e questionnaire included questions about family values, family relationships, the impact of social change on family relationships and expectations. e Cramer coeﬃcient was used to analyze the relationship between two categorical variables (by gender) and calculate the similarity of survey data according to the selected statistical criterion in the processing of questionnaire data. RESULTS e survey was attended by 50 students of Elabuga Institute of KFU, including 25 respon- dents – students who arrived from the Luhansk People’s Republic (50%) and 25 respondents – residents of the Republic of Tatarstan (50%). Among the respondents there are 30 female students (60%) and 20 male students (40%). From the personal data, the marital status of the respondents was established. us, 90% of respondents (45 people) are “not married”; 10% (5 people) are “le- gally married”; 10% (5 people) are “in a relationship”, 0% (0 people) are “divorced”. Table 1 shows the age of the respondents (from 18 to 20 years). TABLE 1. Age of students participating in the survey. Age Absolute value Percentage 18-20 years 25 50% 21-23 years 20 40% 24-25 years 5 10% Analysis of the data showed that the sample was dominated by women (60%), which may be due to a higher proportion of women among university students. is can aﬀect perceptions of family values, as women are traditionally more family-oriented. Most of the respondents are aged 18-20, which corresponds to student age. is may aﬀect their perception of family values, since at this age there is an active formation of life priorities. Equal distribution between the Republic of Tatarstan and new regions of Russia may indi- cate a variety of cultural and social inﬂuences on the perception of family values of higher educa- tion students. Most respondents are not married, which is typical of student age. is can aﬀect their ex- pectations of future family relationships. In the section of the questionnaire “Perception of family values”, respondents answered the following questions. To the question “What family values are most important to you?” e following data were obtained: “love and mutual understanding” – 40 respondents; “respect and support” – 35 re- spondents; “traditions and cultural values” – 20 respondents; “ﬁnancial stability” – 15 respon- dents; “personal space and independence” – 10 respondents; “others” – 5 respondents (Table 2).

460 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 TABLE 2. Respondents’ answers to the question “What family values are most important to you?”. Family values Absolute value Percentage Love and mutual understanding 40 80% Respect and support 35 70% Traditions and cultural values 20 40% Financial stability 15 30% Personal space and independence 10 20% Others 5 10% From the data presented in Table 2, it can be seen that the majority of respondents note the importance of love and mutual understanding, which reﬂects the common values inherent in young people. Women are more likely to point out the importance of respect and support, which may be due to their more emotional perception of family relationships. To the next question “Do you think family values have changed over the past 10 years?” respondents answered: “Yes, they have changed signiﬁcantly” – 30 respondents; “Yes, but not insigniﬁcantly” – 15 respondents; “No, they remained the same” – 5 respondents; “I ﬁnd it dif- ﬁcult to answer” – 0 respondents (Table 3). TABLE 3. Respondents’ answers to the question “Do you think family values have changed over the past 10 years?” Changing of family values Absolute value Percentage Yes, changed signiﬁcantly 30 60% Yes, but not signiﬁcantly 15 30% No, they remained the same 5 10% I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer 0 0% As we can see, the majority of respondents believe that family values have changed over the past 10 years. is may be due to social and cultural changes. Next, the respondents were asked to answer the question “What factors do you think in- ﬂuence the change in family values?”. e following answers were received: “social changes and globalization” – 35 respondents; “economic conditions” – 20 respondents; “cultural and religious traditions” – 15 respondents; “education and upbringing” – 10 respondents; “Media and Inter- net” – 5 respondents; “others” – 5 respondents (Table 4).

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 461 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 TABLE 4. Respondents’ answers to the question “What factors do you think inﬂuence the change in family values?” Factors inﬂuencing family values Absolute value Percentage Social change and globalization 35 70% Economic conditions 20 40% Cultural and religious traditions 15 30% Education and upbringing 10 20% Media and Internet 5 10% Others 5 10% Responses from respondents in Table 4 indicate that social change and globalization are the major factors inﬂuencing family values. Taken together, this reﬂects the impact of current trends on perceptions of family relationships. In the “Family Relationships” section of the questionnaire, students answered the questions which results are presented below. To the question “How do you assess the relationship in your family?” the students’ choice of answers indicated that “very good” relationships – 20 respon- dents, “good” – 20 respondents, “satisfactory” – 10 respondents, “bad” – 0 respondents, “very bad” – 0 respondents. e percentages are shown in Table 5. TABLE 5. Respondents’ answers to the question “How do you assess the relationship in your family?” Assessing family relationships Absolute value Percentage Very good 20 40% Good 20 40% Satisfactory 10 20% Bad 0 0% Very bad 0 0% Most respondents rate their family relationships as “good” or “very good,” which may indi- cate a positive perception of family relationships. To the question “How often do you communicate with your family members?” respondents answered: “daily” – 25 respondents; “several times a week” – 15 respondents; “several times a month” – 10 respondents; “rarely” – 0 respondents; “practically do not communicate” – 0 re- spondents (Table 6).

462 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 TABLE 6. Respondents’ answers to the question “How often do you communicate with your family members?” Frequency of communication with family Absolute value Percentage Daily 25 50% Several times a week 15 30% Several times a month 10 20% Seldom 0 0% Practically do not communicate 0 0% According to the indicator “Frequency of communication with the family”, we see that the majority of respondents communicate with the family daily or several times a week. Student responses point to the importance of family ties. In order to determine the dynamics of changes in family relationships since the students were in a new social environment, they were asked to answer the question “What changes in family relationships have you noticed in recent years?” As a result, the answers showed that 15 respondents chose “increasing distance and independence”; “increased emotional intimacy” – 20 respondents; “changing roles and responsibilities” – 0 respondents; “decrease in the signiﬁcance of traditions” – 5 respondents; “others” – 0 respondents (Table 7). TABLE 7. Respondents’ answers to the question “What changes in family relationships have you noticed in recent years?” Changes in family relationships Absolute value Percentage Increasing distance and independence 15 30% Increased emotional intimacy 20 40% Changing roles and responsibilities 10 20% Decrease in the signiﬁcance of traditions 5 10% Others 0 0% e survey results presented in Table 7, on the one hand, indicate a tendency to distance and independence of young people from their parents, and on the other hand, an increase in emotional intimacy between them. Such an indicator may reﬂect modern trends in family rela- tionships. At the next stage of the survey, in the section “Social Changes and Family Values”, to the question “Do you think social changes aﬀect family values?” students answered: “Yes, signiﬁ- cantly aﬀect” – 35 respondents (70%); “Yes, but insigniﬁcant” – 10 respondents (20%); “No, do not aﬀect” – 5 respondents (10%); “I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer” – 0 respondents (0%). us, the majority of respondents believe that social changes signiﬁcantly aﬀect family values. is reﬂects students’ awareness of the inﬂuence of external factors on family relationships.

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 463 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 Further in this section, respondents were asked to answer the question “What social changes do you think most strongly aﬀect family values?” e results of the responses to this question are presented in Table 8. TABLE 8. Respondents’ answers to the question “What social changes do you think most strongly aﬀect family values?” Social changes Absolute value Percentage Urbanization and migration 20 40% Changing gender roles 15 30% Technology and Internet development 10 20% Changing economic conditions 5 10% Political changes 0 0% Others 0 0% As Table 8 shows, urbanization and migration, as well as changing gender roles, are major social changes aﬀecting family values. Also during the survey, students expressed their opinion on the impact of modern social changes on family values. e results of the answers to this question are presented in Table 9. TABLE 9. Respondents’ answers to the question “Do you think modern social changes contribute to the strengthening or destruction of family values?” e impact of social change on family values Absolute value Percentage To strengthening 20 40% To destruction 20 40% Not aﬀected 10 20% I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer 0 0% According to respondents, social changes contribute to both the strengthening and destruc- tion of family values, which reﬂects the ambiguity of their impact on this category of persons. e next section focused on the role of education and upbringing in shaping traditional family values. Most students (30 respondents – 60%) believe that education and upbringing “Yes, signiﬁcantly aﬀect” the perception of family values; 15 respondents (30%) chose the answer “Yes, but not signiﬁcantly”; 5 respondents (10%) – “No, do not aﬀect”; 0 respondents (0%) – “I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer.” Most respondents believe that education and upbringing signiﬁcantly aﬀect the perception of family values. e opinion of the surveyed students indicates their aware- ness of the importance of upbringing in the formation of family values. In choosing the most important aspects of education and upbringing for the formation of family values, students identiﬁed: “family education” – 30 respondents (60%); “school educa- tion” – 20 respondents (40%); “university education” – 10 respondents (20%); “religious educa- tion” – 5 respondents (10%); “cultural education” – 5 respondents (10%); “others” – 0 respon-

464 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 dents (0%). According to respondents, family education is a major aspect aﬀecting family values, reﬂecting the importance of family traditions and values. e questionnaire also included a section “Personal expectations and plans”, which allows us to determine the attitude of students to the image of their future family and the role of fam- ily traditions in it. According to the results of the survey, it turned out that students would like to convey to their children such family values as: “love and mutual understanding” – 30 respondents (60%); “respect and support” – 25 respondents (50%); “traditions and cultural values” – 15 respondents (30%); “ﬁnancial stability” – 10 respondents (20%); “personal space and independence” – 5 respondents (10%); “others” – 5 respondents (10%). Students project their future family in the image of a “traditional family” (25 respondents – 50%); “modern fam- ily with ﬂexible roles” (20 respondents – 40%); “families with a focus on personal freedom” (5 respondents – 10%); “families with a focus on ﬁnancial stability” (5 respondents – 10%); “other” (5 respondents – 10%). e survey results indicate the desire of the majority of respondents to convey love and mutual understanding to their children, which reﬂects the common values in- herent in young people. As a result of the survey, students pointed to changes in family relationships that they would like to see in the future. So, 20 respondents (40%) want “more emotional intimacy”; “more ﬁ- nancial stability” – 15 respondents (30%); “more respect and support” – 10 respondents (20%); “more personal space” – 5 respondents (10%); “others” – 10 respondents (20%). at is, most respondents see their future family as traditional or modern with ﬂexible roles, which reﬂect the variety of expectations from family relationships. At the conclusion of the survey, students were invited to provide comments and/or addi- tional comments on the research topic. e results of the survey are presented in Table 10. TABLE 10. Comments and/or additional comments on the study topic. Comments available Absolute value Percentage Yes 10 20% No 40 80% Table 10 provides a detailed overview of questionnaire data, including absolute values and percentages for each block of responses. DISCUSSION As noted above, in this study we were interested in gender diﬀerences in the context of the perception of family values by university students in a changing social environment. According to the results of the survey, the following data were obtained, which demonstrate the perception of family values by university students in the context of a gender change in the social environ- ment. Table 11 provides an overview of students’ sex diﬀerences.

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 465 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 TABLE 11. General information on respondents’ sex diﬀerences. Sex Absolute value Percentage Male 20 40% Female 30 60% Table 12 provides a gender perspective of respondents on perceptions of family values. TABLE 12. Comparison of respondents’ perceptions of family values according to gender. Family values Male Female Love and mutual understanding 16 (80%) 24 (80%) Respect and support 14 (70%) 21 (70%) Traditions and cultural values 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Financial stability 6 (30%) 9 (30%) Personal space and independence 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Others 2 (10%) 3 (10%) e diﬀerences between males and females in family relationships are presented in Table 13. TABLE 13. Comparison of respondents’ perceptions of family relationships by gender type. Assessing family relationships Male Female Very good 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Good 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Satisfactory 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Bad 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Very Bad 0 (0%) 0 (0%) TABLE 14. Comparison of respondents’ perceptions by gender type. Frequency of communication with family Male Female Daily 10 (50%) 15 (50%) Several times a week 6 (30%) 9 (30%) Several times a month 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Seldom 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Practically do not communicate 0 (0%) 0 (0%) As a follow-up to the analysis of the questionnaire data, the authors also compared re- spondents’ responses by gender type about their vision of social change and the impact of these changes on family values (Table 15, Table 16, Table 17).

466 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 TABLE 15. Respondents’ perceptions of the impact of social change (by gender type). e impact of social change Male Female Yes, signiﬁcantly aﬀect 14 (70%) 21 (70%) Yes, but not signiﬁcantly 4 (20%) 6 (20%) No, do not aﬀect 2 (10%) 3 (10%) I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer 0 (0%) 0 (0%) TABLE 16. Respondents’ perceptions of social changes (by gender type). Social changes Male Female Urbanization and migration 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Changing gender roles 6 (30%) 9 (30%) Technology and Internet development 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Changing economic conditions 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Political changes 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Others 0 (0%) 0 (0%) TABLE 17. Respondents’ perceptions of the impact of social change on family values (by gender type). e impact of social change on family values Male Female To strengthening 8 (40%) 12 (40%) To destruction 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Not aﬀected 4 (20%) 6 (20%) I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer 0 (0%) 0 (0%) A comparison of the opinions of male and female respondents on the impact of education and upbringing on the formation of family values in the individual is presented below in Table 18. TABLE 18. Respondents’ perceptions of the impact of the impact of education and upbringing (by gender type). Impact of education and upbringing Male Female Yes, signiﬁcantly aﬀect 12 (60%) 18 (60%) Yes, but not signiﬁcantly 6 (30%) 9 (30%) No, do not aﬀect 2 (10%) 3 (10%) I ﬁnd it diﬃcult to answer 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 467 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 TABLE 19. Respondents’ perceptions of the impact of the aspects of education and upbringing (by gender type). Aspects of education and upbringing Male Female Family education 12 (60%) 18 (60%) School education 8 (40%) 12 (40%) University education 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Religious education 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Cultural education 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Others 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Below is a comparison of personal expectations and plans of male and female respondents according to their sex (Table 20, Table 21, Table 22). In Table 20 you can see which categories of family values are preferred by male and female representatives for transmission to their children. TABLE 20. Respondents’ preferred family values to pass on to children (by gender type). Family values to pass on to children Male Female Love and mutual understanding 12 (60%) 18 (60%) Respect and support 10 (50%) 15 (50%) Traditions and cultural values 6 (30%) 9 (30%) Financial stability 4 (20%) 6 (20%) Personal space and independence 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Others 2 (10%) 3 (10%) TABLE 21. Respondents’ views of male and female students about their vision of a future family (by gender type). Vision of a future family Male Female Traditional family 10 (50%) 15 (50%) Modern family with ﬂexible roles 8 (40%) 12 (40%) Family with a focus on personal freedoms 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Family with a focus on ﬁnancial stability 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Other 2 (10%) 3 (10%)

468 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 TABLE 22. Respondents’ expected future changes in family relationships, which certainly reﬂect their positions on family values (expected changes in family relations by gender). Expected changes in family relationships Male Female More emotional intimacy 8 (40%) 12 (40%) More ﬁnancial stability 6 (30%) 9 (30%) More respect and support 4 (20%) 6 (20%) More personal space 2 (10%) 3 (10%) Others 4 (20%) 6 (20%) In the last section of the questionnaire “Additional Comments” one can also see diﬀerences in the opinions of male and female representatives, reﬂecting absolute values and percentages for each block of answers (Table 23). TABLE 23. Comments and/or additional comments on the study topic. Comments available Male Female Yes 4 (20%) 6 (20%) No 16 (80%) 24 (80%) Comparison of questionnaire data by sex shows that, overall, responses from female and male respondents are similar across most questions. However, there are some diﬀerences in the perception of family values and expectations from future family relationships by male and fe- male representatives. For example, female respondents are more likely to note the importance of love and mutual understanding, as well as emotional intimacy in family relationships. Male respondents are more likely to point out the importance of ﬁnancial stability and personal space. When examining diﬀerences in perceptions of family values among male and female re- spondents, it became necessary to assess the degree of relationship between these categories. For this purpose, the Cramer correlation coeﬃcient was used, which is used speciﬁcally to study the relationships between nominal features. Baseline data were structured into a conjugacy table reﬂecting the distribution of frequency of choices of certain meanings of family values among diﬀerent genders. Consider an example of such a table for the family priority of “love and mutual understanding”, which turned out to be one of the key aspects in the study (Table 24). TABLE 24. Table of conjugacy for family priority of “love and mutual understanding” of male and female respondents. Family value Men Women Love and understanding 16 24 Respect 14 21 Traditions 8 12 Financial stability 6 9 Personal space 4 6 Others 2 3

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 469 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 is table allows us to clearly see the diﬀerences in preferences regarding each aspect of the family. e main stage of the assessment of relationships includes the calculation of the indica- tor (“chi-square”), based on a comparison of empirically obtained and theoretically expected frequencies of choosing diﬀerent response options. Expected frequencies are calculated based on the assumption of independence of features and allow to identify deviations from random distribution. According to the results of calculations, it turned out that the total value characterizing the entire table was about 20. Further, this indicator serves as the basis for determining the Cramer coeﬃcient. Its formula takes into account the sample size and the structure of the tables (the minimum number of rows or columns). e coeﬃcient we obtained was approximately 0.63. e obtained value of the Cramer coeﬃcient indicates the presence of an average strength of connection between the gender of the respondent and the choice of priority family values. A value closer to 1 would mean almost complete dependence, while proximity to 0 would indicate the absence of the inﬂuence of the gender trait on preferences for family values. us, our ﬁndings conﬁrm the presence of a noticeable, albeit moderate, eﬀect of gender on respondents’ perception of the most important family values in a new social environment (higher education away from home), which has an impact on changing their traditional family life. Gen- der aﬀects ideas about the importance of certain elements of family relationships. However, the strength of the identiﬁed dependence remains moderate, emphasizing the importance of taking into account other factors that aﬀect the formation of views on the family. Justiﬁcation of questionnaire results: General information Gender: e sample is dominated by women (60%), which may be due to a higher propor- tion of women among university students. is can aﬀect perceptions of family values, as women are traditionally more family-oriented. Age: Most respondents are 18-20 years old, which corresponds to student age. is can aﬀect their perception of family values, since at this age there is an active formation of life priori- ties. Location: Equal distribution between the Republic of Tatarstan and new regions of Russia may indicate a variety of cultural and social inﬂuences on the perception of family values. Marital status: Most respondents are unmarried, which is typical of student age. is can aﬀect their expectations of future family relationships. Perceptions of family values Family values: Most respondents note the importance of love and mutual understanding, which reﬂects the common values inherent in young people. Women are more likely to point out the importance of respect and support, which may be due to their more emotional perception of family relationships.

470 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 Changing family values: Most respondents believe that family values have changed over the past 10 years, which may be due to social and cultural changes. Inﬂuencers: Social change and globalization are major inﬂuences on family values, reﬂect- ing the impact of current trends on perceptions of family relationships. Family relationships Assessing family relationships: Most respondents rate their family relationships as good or very good, which may indicate a positive perception of family relationships. Frequency of communication with family: Most respondents communicate with family daily or several times a week, reﬂecting the importance of family ties. Changes in family relationships: Increasing distance and independence, and increased emo- tional intimacy are major changes, which may reﬂect current trends in family relationships. Social change and family values Impact of social change: Most respondents believe that social change signiﬁcantly aﬀects family values, reﬂecting awareness of the impact of external factors on family relationships. Social change: Urbanization and migration, as well as changing gender roles, are major so- cial changes aﬀecting family values. Impact on family values: Social change can both strengthen and destroy family values, re- ﬂecting the ambiguity of their impact. e role of education and upbringing Impact of education and upbringing: e majority of respondents believe that education and upbringing signiﬁcantly aﬀect the perception of family values, which reﬂects the importance of upbringing in the formation of family values. Aspects of education and upbringing: Family upbringing is a major aspect aﬀecting family values, reﬂecting the importance of family traditions and values. Personal expectations and plans Family values to pass on to children: Most respondents want to pass on love and under- standing to their children, reﬂecting the general values shared by young people. Future family vision: Most respondents see their future family as traditional or modern with ﬂexible roles, reﬂecting the diversity of expectations of family relationships. Expected changes in family relationships: Most respondents expect more emotional inti- macy and ﬁnancial stability, reﬂecting current trends in family relationships. Additional comments Availability of comments: Most respondents have no additional comments, which may in- dicate satisfaction with the survey results or no need for additional clariﬁcation.

La percepción de los valores familiares por parte de los jóvenes en un entorno social cambiante 471 Vol. 16(2) mayo - agosto 2026/ 454 - 473 CONCLUSION Detailed conclusion based on the results of a questionnaire survey and the obtained Cramer coeﬃcient. General information e sample is dominated by women (60%), which may be due to a higher proportion of women among university students. is can aﬀect perceptions of family values, as women are traditionally more family-oriented. e majority of respondents are aged 18-23, which corre- sponds to student age and can aﬀect their perception of family values, since at this age there is an active formation of life priorities. Equal distribution between the Republic of Tatarstan and new regions of Russia may indicate a variety of cultural and social inﬂuences on the perception of family values. e majority of respondents are unmarried, which is typical of student age and can aﬀect their expectations of future family relationships. Perceptions of family values Most respondents note the importance of love and mutual understanding, which reﬂects the common values inherent in young people. Women are more likely to point out the impor- tance of respect and support, which may be due to their more emotional perception of family relationships. Most respondents believe that family values have changed over the past 10 years, which may be due to social and cultural changes. Social change and globalization are major fac- tors inﬂuencing family values, reﬂecting the impact of current trends on perceptions of family relationships. Family relationships Most respondents rate relationships in their family as good or very good, which may indi- cate a positive perception of family relationships. Most respondents communicate with family daily or several times a week, reﬂecting the importance of family ties. Increasing distance and independence, as well as increased emotional intimacy, are major changes, which may reﬂect cur- rent trends in family relationships. Social change and family values Most respondents believe that social changes signiﬁcantly aﬀect family values, which reﬂects the awareness of the inﬂuence of external factors on family relations. Urbanization and migra- tion, as well as changing gender roles, are major social changes aﬀecting family values. Social change can both strengthen and destroy family values, reﬂecting the ambiguity of their impact. Role of education and upbringing Most respondents believe that education and upbringing signiﬁcantly aﬀect the perception of family values, which reﬂects the importance of upbringing in the formation of family values. Family education is a major aspect aﬀecting family values, reﬂecting the importance of family traditions and values.

472 Panﬁlov, Askhadullina, Talysheva, Kormiltseva, Panﬁlova Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(2): 2026 Personal expectations and plans Most respondents want to convey love and understanding to their children, which reﬂects the common values inherent in young people. Most respondents see their future family as tra- ditional or modern with ﬂexible roles, reﬂecting the diversity of expectations of family relation- ships. Most respondents expect more emotional intimacy and ﬁnancial stability, reﬂecting cur- rent trends in family relationships. Additional comments Most respondents have no additional comments, which may indicate satisfaction with the survey results or no need for additional explanations. Cramer coeﬃcient e Cramer coeﬃcient is 0.63, indicating a moderate relationship between gender and perceptions of family values. is means that the gender of respondents has a moderate inﬂu- ence on their perception of family values. is may be due to diﬀerences in cultural and social expectations, as well as diﬀerences in upbringing and education. General conclusion e results of the questionnaire survey show that university students generally value family relationships and family values, such as love, mutual understanding and respect. Social changes have a signiﬁcant impact on the perception of family values, which reﬂects modern trends in so- ciety. Education and upbringing play an important role in the formation of family values, which emphasizes the importance of family traditions and values in upbringing. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES • Abrahamyan, N. Yu. (2009). Nravstvennoye vospitaniye studentov vuza na osnove realizatsii tsennostno-smyslovogo potentsiala traditsiy [Moral education of university students based on the realization of the value-semantic potential of traditions]. Doctoral Dissertation, Volgo- grad State Pedagogical University, Volgograd. • Akhmetshin, E. M., Kozachek, A. V., Vasilev, V. L., Meshkova, G. V., & Mikhailova, M. V. (2021). “Development of digital university model in modern conditions: Institutional ap- proach”. Digital Education Review, 40, 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1344/der.2021.40.17-32 • Ali, N., Daraz, U., Ibrahim, M., Hussain, M., Khan, Y., & Ali, S. (2024). “Neighbourhood safety and academic performance: e role of student gender and family socioeconomic sta- tus”. e Education and Science Journal, 26 (5), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994- 5639-2024-5-182-197 • Bukhtoyarova, I. M., Kitaeva, N. A., & Farberova, O. E. (2015). “Vospriyatiye traditsion- nykh tsennostey v yunosheskoy srede: k postanovke problemy” [“Perception of traditional values in a youthful environment: To pose a problem”]. Aktualnye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk, 1–2, 64–66. • Christoﬁdou, A., & Zafeiridou, G. (2025). ““We are our fathers’ improved versions”: Chang- ing fatherhoods and hybrid masculinities in Cyprus”. Journal of Gender Studies, 1–21. https:// doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2025.2514221

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