Economía digital y transformación empresarial en mercados emergentes
Resumen
Durante la última década, la economía digital se consolidó como un factor decisivo en la transformación empresarial, especialmente en los mercados emergentes, donde las tecnologías digitales ofrecieron nuevas oportunidades para superar limitaciones estructurales y mejorar la competitividad. Sin embargo, la adopción tecnológica no fue uniforme ni exenta de desafíos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la economía digital en los procesos de transformación empresarial en contextos emergentes, considerando tanto las capacidades tecnológicas como los factores institucionales que condicionaron dicha transformación. Se empleó una metodología mixta, combinando análisis documental, revisión de casos empresariales y encuestas a pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en sectores estratégicos. El estudio consideró variables como digitalización operativa, innovación en modelos de negocio y uso de plataformas digitales. Los datos cuantitativos fueron procesados mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y regresiones logísticas, mientras que las entrevistas cualitativas permitieron interpretar dinámicas organizacionales específicas. Los resultados mostraron que las empresas que adoptaron tecnologías digitales de manera integral lograron mejorar su productividad, ampliar sus mercados y diversificar sus canales de venta, particularmente a través del comercio electrónico. No obstante, se identificaron brechas significativas en infraestructura digital, acceso a financiamiento y competencias digitales, especialmente en empresas más pequeñas o localizadas en regiones periféricas. También se observó que los ecosistemas institucionales jugaron un papel clave en acelerar o frenar la transformación digital. Se concluyó que la economía digital representa una oportunidad estratégica para el desarrollo empresarial en mercados emergentes, siempre que se acompañe de políticas públicas que reduzcan brechas estructurales, promuevan la innovación y fortalezcan las capacidades organizativas.
Citas
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Albakri, M. (Ed.). (2025). Digital transformation and innovation in emerging markets. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0086-3
Bakker, B. B., Garcia-Nunes, B., Lian, W., Liu, Y., Perez, C., Siddiq, A., Sumlinski, M. A., Yang, Y., & Vasilyev, D. (2023). The rise and impact of fintech in Latin America. (Fintech Notes, 003). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400235474.063
Cao, S., Nie, L., Sun, H., Sun, W., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Digital finance, green technological innovation and energy-environmental performance: Evidence from China’s regional economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 327, 129458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129458
Chen, J., Hsieh, P.-F., Hsu, P.-H., & Levine, R. (2025). Environmental liabilities, borrowing costs, and pollution prevention activities: The nationwide impact of the Apex Oil ruling. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 125, 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2024.102789
Creswell, J.W. and Plano Clark, V.I. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. (3rd Edition). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Coccia, M. (2020). Effects of the institutional change based on democratization on origin and diffusion of technological innovation. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.08432
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Doğan, S. (2024). The impact of digital transformation on financial performance in public banks, development banks, and private banks in Türkiye. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 15, 231–256. https://ejes.uaic.ro/articles/EJES2024_1502_12_DOG.pdf
Esposito, M., Akbar, Y., & Campbell, F. X. (2025). Digitalization in emerging economies. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009433921
Fosso, S. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence assimilation on firm performance: The mediating effects of organizational agility and customer agility. International Journal of Information Management, 67, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102544
Fosso, S., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G., & Gnanzou, D. (2014). How ‘big data’ can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031
Fosso, S., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Ren, S. J.-F., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2017). Big data analytics and firm performance: Effects of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Business Research, 70, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.009
Fosso, S., & Queiroz, M. M. (2019). Blockchain adoption challenges in supply chain: An empirical investigation of the main drivers in India and the USA. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.021
Fosso, S., Queiroz, M. M., Guthrie, C., & Braganza, A. (2021). Industry experiences of artificial intelligence (AI): Benefits and challenges in operations and supply chain management. Production Planning & Control, 33(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2021.1882695
Gangwar, H., Date, H., & Ramaswamy, R. (2015). Understanding determinants of cloud computing adoption using an integrated TAM-TOE model. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-08-2013-0065
Gonzalez-Varona, J. M., Lopez-Paredes, A., Poza, D., & Acebes, F. (2021). Building and development of an organizational competence for digital transformation in SMEs. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3279
Hordofa, D. F. (2024). Impact of digital transformation on financial stability in emerging markets: Evidence from Ethiopia. Discover Sustainability, 5, 309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00540-8
Ioannou, S., & Wójcik, D. (2022). The limits to FinTech unveiled by the financial geography of Latin America. Geoforum, 128, 57–67.
Jansen, B., Kadenko, N., Broeders, D., van Eeten, M., Borgolte, K., & Fiebig, T. (2023). Pushing boundaries: An empirical view on the digital sovereignty of six governments in the midst of geopolitical tensions. Government Information Quarterly, 40(4), 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101862
Jimoh, L., & David, O. O. (2024). State-dependency in the nexus between digital financial inclusion and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(6), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i6.4675
Karpenko, O., Koetsier, M., & Pavlović, M. (2023). Multiaxial fatigue analysis of circumferentially butt-welded steel connection using fiber optic-based distributed strain sensing. Ce/Papers, 6(3–4), 2595–2600. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2638
Kauma, J. G., Irerib, W. N., & Olweny, N. O. (2022). Challenges facing coherent digitization of government processes across all policy areas and levels of government to enhance efficient public service delivery in Kenya. International Journal of Research Publications, 111. https://doi.org/11020224034.
Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. G. (2010). Winning in emerging markets: A roadmap for strategy and execution. Harvard Business School Press.
Khanna, T., Palepu, K. G., & Sinha, J. (2015). Strategies that fit emerging markets. En International Business Strategy. https://hbr.org/2005/06/strategies-that-fit-emerging-markets
Khanna, T., & Yafeh, Y. (2005). Business groups and risk sharing around the world. Journal of Business, 78(1), 301–340. https://doi.org/10.1086/426527
Koch, A. H. (2020). Strategic responses of MNCs in emerging markets: Addressing institutional voids associated with informal institutions. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 17(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2019-0099
Koop, C., & Kessler, P. (2021). Keeping control of regulation? Domestic constraints on the creation of independent authorities in emerging and developing economies. Governance, 34(2), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12523
Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z., & Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China’s economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101889
Niranga, M., Sedera, D., & Sorwar, G. (2022). Does IT matter now? Panel data analysis of digitalization and economic growth (59 países, 2018–2020). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.03071
Omor, A. T. M. (2023). The determinants of foreign direct investment: Economic and institutional factors in emerging Asian economies. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.07037
Rampaul, K. R. (2025). Digital transformation and SME growth in emerging markets. Journal of Emerging Markets and Management, 1(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.63385/jemm.v1i1.35
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Wu, X., & Cheng, G. (2024). The performance and stability of financial institutions after digital transformation: The importance of regional policies. Finance Research Letters, 66, Artículo 105671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105671
Xiang, X., & Jiang, L. (2023). Digitalisation and commercial bank performance: A test of heterogeneity from Chinese commercial banks. Finance Research Letters, 58(A), 104303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104303
Albakri, M. (Ed.). (2025). Digital transformation and innovation in emerging markets. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0086-3
Bakker, B. B., Garcia-Nunes, B., Lian, W., Liu, Y., Perez, C., Siddiq, A., Sumlinski, M. A., Yang, Y., & Vasilyev, D. (2023). The rise and impact of fintech in Latin America. (Fintech Notes, 003). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400235474.063
Cao, S., Nie, L., Sun, H., Sun, W., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Digital finance, green technological innovation and energy-environmental performance: Evidence from China’s regional economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 327, 129458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129458
Chen, J., Hsieh, P.-F., Hsu, P.-H., & Levine, R. (2025). Environmental liabilities, borrowing costs, and pollution prevention activities: The nationwide impact of the Apex Oil ruling. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 125, 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2024.102789
Creswell, J.W. and Plano Clark, V.I. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. (3rd Edition). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Coccia, M. (2020). Effects of the institutional change based on democratization on origin and diffusion of technological innovation. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.08432
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Doğan, S. (2024). The impact of digital transformation on financial performance in public banks, development banks, and private banks in Türkiye. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 15, 231–256. https://ejes.uaic.ro/articles/EJES2024_1502_12_DOG.pdf
Esposito, M., Akbar, Y., & Campbell, F. X. (2025). Digitalization in emerging economies. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009433921
Fosso, S. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence assimilation on firm performance: The mediating effects of organizational agility and customer agility. International Journal of Information Management, 67, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102544
Fosso, S., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G., & Gnanzou, D. (2014). How ‘big data’ can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031
Fosso, S., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Ren, S. J.-F., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2017). Big data analytics and firm performance: Effects of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Business Research, 70, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.009
Fosso, S., & Queiroz, M. M. (2019). Blockchain adoption challenges in supply chain: An empirical investigation of the main drivers in India and the USA. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.021
Fosso, S., Queiroz, M. M., Guthrie, C., & Braganza, A. (2021). Industry experiences of artificial intelligence (AI): Benefits and challenges in operations and supply chain management. Production Planning & Control, 33(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2021.1882695
Gangwar, H., Date, H., & Ramaswamy, R. (2015). Understanding determinants of cloud computing adoption using an integrated TAM-TOE model. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-08-2013-0065
Gonzalez-Varona, J. M., Lopez-Paredes, A., Poza, D., & Acebes, F. (2021). Building and development of an organizational competence for digital transformation in SMEs. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3279
Hordofa, D. F. (2024). Impact of digital transformation on financial stability in emerging markets: Evidence from Ethiopia. Discover Sustainability, 5, 309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00540-8
Ioannou, S., & Wójcik, D. (2022). The limits to FinTech unveiled by the financial geography of Latin America. Geoforum, 128, 57–67.
Jansen, B., Kadenko, N., Broeders, D., van Eeten, M., Borgolte, K., & Fiebig, T. (2023). Pushing boundaries: An empirical view on the digital sovereignty of six governments in the midst of geopolitical tensions. Government Information Quarterly, 40(4), 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101862
Jimoh, L., & David, O. O. (2024). State-dependency in the nexus between digital financial inclusion and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(6), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i6.4675
Karpenko, O., Koetsier, M., & Pavlović, M. (2023). Multiaxial fatigue analysis of circumferentially butt-welded steel connection using fiber optic-based distributed strain sensing. Ce/Papers, 6(3–4), 2595–2600. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2638
Kauma, J. G., Irerib, W. N., & Olweny, N. O. (2022). Challenges facing coherent digitization of government processes across all policy areas and levels of government to enhance efficient public service delivery in Kenya. International Journal of Research Publications, 111. https://doi.org/11020224034.
Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. G. (2010). Winning in emerging markets: A roadmap for strategy and execution. Harvard Business School Press.
Khanna, T., Palepu, K. G., & Sinha, J. (2015). Strategies that fit emerging markets. En International Business Strategy. https://hbr.org/2005/06/strategies-that-fit-emerging-markets
Khanna, T., & Yafeh, Y. (2005). Business groups and risk sharing around the world. Journal of Business, 78(1), 301–340. https://doi.org/10.1086/426527
Koch, A. H. (2020). Strategic responses of MNCs in emerging markets: Addressing institutional voids associated with informal institutions. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 17(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2019-0099
Koop, C., & Kessler, P. (2021). Keeping control of regulation? Domestic constraints on the creation of independent authorities in emerging and developing economies. Governance, 34(2), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12523
Liu, Y., Luan, L., Wu, W., Zhang, Z., & Hsu, Y. (2021). Can digital financial inclusion promote China’s economic growth? International Review of Financial Analysis, 78, 101889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101889
Niranga, M., Sedera, D., & Sorwar, G. (2022). Does IT matter now? Panel data analysis of digitalization and economic growth (59 países, 2018–2020). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.03071
Omor, A. T. M. (2023). The determinants of foreign direct investment: Economic and institutional factors in emerging Asian economies. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.07037
Rampaul, K. R. (2025). Digital transformation and SME growth in emerging markets. Journal of Emerging Markets and Management, 1(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.63385/jemm.v1i1.35
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Wu, X., & Cheng, G. (2024). The performance and stability of financial institutions after digital transformation: The importance of regional policies. Finance Research Letters, 66, Artículo 105671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105671
Xiang, X., & Jiang, L. (2023). Digitalisation and commercial bank performance: A test of heterogeneity from Chinese commercial banks. Finance Research Letters, 58(A), 104303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104303
Publicado
2025-09-30
Cómo citar
Aguado Lingan, A. M., Tejada Estrada, G. C., Pérez-Arboleda, P. A., & Aparicio-Ballena, J. A. (2025). Economía digital y transformación empresarial en mercados emergentes. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(112), 1793-1807. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.112.6
Número
Sección
EN LA MIRA: Tecnología y digitalización organizacional
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