Rev. Téc. Fac. Ing. Univ. Zulia

Ochenta años de ingeniería y formación al servicio del país

Juan Andrés Rincón — 2026-01-30

Holographic geodesic composition of the geometric field applied in modeling codes for complex physical systems

Cecilia Esperanza Sandoval Ruiz — 2026-02-25

The holographic principle of geometric entanglement allows us to state that the interaction between particles, geodesic flow, or waves in a region can be described by the projective mathematical operator model of its boundary surface, considering the remainder reflected by the medium. The objective is to recognize a geometric field operator, defined by the geodesic equations of space, that allows describing the output of a system based on the topological state and energy memories, compressing the model into n-1 dimensions, which unfold in a geometric-physical composition arrangement. The method used was the inference of theoretical statements, based on concepts from abstract algebra. The contribution of this research is the identification of the convolution encoder of the LFSR circuit as a functional—mathematical object—for the development of classical-quantum models, incorporating all the parameters that define the behavior of complex systems, with applications in emerging technologies in the NCRE energy sector and engineering solutions

Proposal of an instrument to assess the climate organizational in tertiary health care centers

Arelis Josefina Arrieta — 2026-02-25

This study designed and validated a reliable instrument (α=0.994) to assess organizational climate perception among employees at tertiary healthcare centers in Maracaibo, Venezuela. The sample comprised 270 workers (physicians, nurses, administrative staff) from three hospitals: University Hospital (n=112), Central Hospital (n=84), and Chiquinquirá Hospital (n=74), selected via stratified random sampling from key clinical areas (gynecology, obstetrics, cardiology, traumatology).A 60-item Likert-scale questionnaire (1="Never" to 4="Always") structured in five dimensions was administered: occupational health (2.24), management philosophy (2.35), tertiary services (1.80), climate-security (1.90), and psychometric tests (2.22). PASW Statistics 18 analysis revealed an underdeveloped organizational climate (global mean=2.11), with critical weaknesses in job safety, internal communication, and managerial effectiveness, consistent with recent hospital studies (Laborde et al., 2020). Comprehensive safety policies, enhanced internal communication, and redesigned management models are urgently needed to optimize the work environment and care quality.

Rethinking the proportionality of cadmium limits in raw unprocessed cocoa beans

Ana Marta Francisco Dos Santos — 2026-04-13

Cadmium (Cd) tends to bioaccumulate in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) grains, affecting human health and marketing potential. The European Union (EU) drafted and approved in 2019 the Regulation Nº. 488/2014 for processed cocoa, and led to research on bioaccumulation in grains, potential health risks, product quality, and export potential. The results show high Cd levels in cocoa at different regions in the Latin American. However, this regulation does not stipulate maximum limits for unprocessed cocoa. In this absence, the regulations have used these parameters as a reference to the limits in processed cocoa, generating over estimation of metal concentration, market disputes and trade distortion. This article reviews the levels of Cd in cocoa almonds, justifies the inappropriate implementation of this regulation to unprocessed cocoa, and makes proposals for maximum limits in almonds and their implications. The present model provides adequate categorization and showing that the maximum limits Cd for row almonds of 1.14 μg g^-1, 1.22 μg g^-1 and 1.02 μg g^-1 are significantly reduced from the values categorized as high (according to EU), from 70.59 to only 30.53 %, a reasonable figure which is appropriate for the unprocessed cocoa. Analysis of seed fractions, and primary products show where is the variability in Cd concentrations

Use of Cumulative Corrosion Rate to Estimate the Useful Life of Long-Term Exposed Reinforced Concrete in Marine and Urban Environments

Luis Enrique Navarro Villalobos — 2026-02-25

This study evaluated the performance of reinforced concrete exposed to an urban environment
in the city of Maracaibo, and to an accelerated marine environment using a 3.5% w/w saline solution
spray, according to ISO 11474, on prismatic reinforced concrete specimens from the DURACON
project. The specimens exposed to the urban environment were those made with water-cement ratios
(w/c) of 0.45 and 0.65, while the specimens exposed to the accelerated marine environment had a w/c
ratio of 0.45. Periodic measurements were taken using electrochemical techniques to determine
corrosion rate, corrosion potential, and resistivity, allowing for the estimation of service life based on
the cumulative corrosion rate. The results demonstrate electrochemical corrosion activity of the
specimens exposed to an urban environment with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.65 from the exposure
period of 240 months, reaching average corrosion potentials of up to -410 mV vs. Cu/CuSO4 and
corrosion rates close to and exceeding 0.1 μA/cm2. Meanwhile, the specimens exposed to an
accelerated marine environment also exhibit electrochemical corrosion activity with significant
increases in corrosion rate, reaching up to 1 μA/cm2 and corrosion potentials of -450 mV vs.
Cu/CuSO4