Población folicular, cantidad y calidad de complejos cúmulo-ovocitos de vacas en pastoreo en tres estaciones del año en el trópico mexicano
Resumen
Las altas temperaturas y humedades relativas de los últimos años, provocan estrés calórico en los bovinos, que afectan mayormente a los animales de sistemas de pastoreo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la población folicular, cantidad y calidad de complejos cúmulo-ovocitos de vacas en pastoreo en tres estaciones del año, en la región norte de Chiapas, México. El estudio se realizó en tres estaciones climatológicas, fresca-húmeda, caliente-seca y caliente-húmeda. Se utilizó un total de 416 ovarios (FH=225, HD=100 y HH= 91), provenientes de vacas mestizas (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) de sistemas de pastoreo. Se analizó el número de cuerpos lúteos, la población folicular, la cantidad y calidad de complejos cúmulo-ovocitos, que además se clasificaron en viables y no viables. Las variables de estudio fueron analizadas con el procedimiento de modelos generalizados. No se observó diferencia estadística, por ovario, para cuerpos lúteos (P ≥ 0,05), las medias fueron de 0,35 ± 0,04 (27,3 %), 0,46 ± 0,06 (35,9 %) y 0,47 ± 0,07 (36,8 %) para las estaciones fresca- húmeda, caliente-seca y caliente-húmeda. La estación afectó significativamente folículos medianos (´P ≤ 0,003), folículos pequeños (P ≤ 0,001) y total de folículos (P ≤ 0,001), pero no folículos grandes (P ≥ 0,05). Se observó efecto de estación en todas las variables de complejos cúmulo-ovocitos (P ≥ 0,05), así como en los complejos cúmulo-ovocitos viable y no viable (P ≤ 0,002). De acuerdo con los resultados observados, la mayor fertilidad de las hembras bovinas mestizas se presenta en la estación fresca-húmeda, que puede ser utilizada para programar empadres e implementar biotecnologías reproductivas.
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