Proximal and physicochemical characterization of fruits from promising avocado genotypes in three areas in the Dominican Republic
Keywords:
Persea americana, Criollo, Popenoe, Hass, protein, fat, acidity, pH
Abstract
Characterization is one of the main factors to be considered for the use of any raw material to be industrialized and commercialized, and its quality depends on its origin. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fruit characteristics of promising avocado genotypes in the Dominican Republic, for which two studies were carried out. The first study evaluated the effect of genotype (Popenoe, Criollo, and Hass) and the second evaluated the effect of production area (north, central, and southeast Dominican Republic) on proximal (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content) and physicochemical (titratable acidity, pH, water activity (aw), and soluble solids) characteristics of avocado pulp. Completely randomized designs with four replicates per study factor were performed. An analysis of variance was carried out, and Tukey's test was applied with a reliability of 95 %. The results show that fat, protein, and pH can vary according to genotype. Criollo avocados had lower fat content (6.40 %) and their protein percentage was statistically similar (p<0.05) to Hass and higher than Popenoe. The pH ranged from 5.96 (Criollo) to 6.98 (Hass). Production areas can influence the protein content, titratable acidity, and water activity (aw) in avocados. Those with the highest protein content are produced in the southeast, while those with the lowest acidity and highest water activity (aw) are produced in the central zone. These results corroborate the need to characterize genotypes and the origin of raw materials for industrialization and commercialization.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Analytical Software. (2003). Statistix 8. Tallahassee, FL: Analytical Software.
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (1990). Official methods on analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 15th ed. U.S.A.
Chávez, S.N., De León, P.G., Campos, L.G., Flores, A.C., Castillo, R.G., Ascacio, J.A., López, C.M., & Rodríguez, R. (2024). Propiedades nutrimentales, fitoquímicas y sensoriales de frutos de aguacate criollo de Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila. ERA Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios, 11(2), e3838. https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a11n2.3838
Chimuti, N., Takalani, T.K., & Anyasi, T. (2021). Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil extract obtained using cold press technology. Food Research, 5 (4), 360–365. https://www.myfoodresearch.com/uploads/8/4/8/5/84855864/_44__fr-2021-032_chimuti_2.pdf
De Carvalho, D. A., Andrade dos Santos, V., Pasqual, M., Sayuri, B., Lee, D., Fontes, G., Rodrigues, V., Duarte, C., Prado, M, Rodrigues, A. & das Graças, M. (2021). Aceite de pulpa de cuatro variedades de aguacate: extracción, rendimiento, caracterización y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante. Investigación, Sociedad y Desarrollo 10 (12), e401101220541. https://doi.org/10.33448/RSD-V10I12.20541
Fonseca Duarte, P., Alves Chaves, M., Dellinghousen Borges, C.R., & Barboza Mendonça, C.R. (2016). Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses. Ciencia Rural, Santa María, 46(4), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141516
Ford, N.A., Spagnuolo, P.., Kraft, J., & Bauer, E. (2023). Nutritional composition of Hass avocado pulp. Foods, 12(13), 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132516.
Hammami, A. M., Huang, K. M. & Guan, Z. (2024). Overview of the avocado market in the United States: FE1150, 8/2024. EDIS, 2024 (4). Gainesville, Florida. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1150-2024.
Ge, Y., Si, X., Cao, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, W., & Ma, W. (2017). Morphological characteristics, nutritional quality, and bioactive constituents in fruits of two avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Hainan province, China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p8
Henríquez Arias, L.E., Patiño Gómez, J.H., & Salazar, J.A. (2012). Application of the matrixes engineering on the development of minimally processed Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) with additions of vitamin C and calcium. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 9(2), 44-54. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69525875016
Kilaru, A., Cao, X., Dabbs, P.B., Sung, H.J., Rahman, M.M., Thrower, N., Zynda, G., Podicheti, R., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Herrera-Estrella, L., Mockaitis, K., & Ohlrogge, J.B. (2015). Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0586-2
Krumreich, F.D., Mendonça, C.R., Borges, C.D., Crizel-Cardozo, M.M., dos Santos, M.A., Otero, D.M., & Zambiazi, R.C. (2024). Margarida avocado oil: Effect of processing on quality, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profile. Food Chemistry Advances, 4(100617), 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100617
Méndez Hernández, C., Grycz, A., Rios Mesa, D., Rodríguez Galdón, B. & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. (2024). The quality evaluation of avocado fruits (Persea americana mill.) of Hass produced in different localities on the Island of Tenerife, Spain. Foods, 13(7), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071058
Meyer, M.D., & Terry, L.A. (2010). Fatty acid and sugar composition of avocado, cv. Hass, in response to treatment with an ethylene scavenger or 1-methylcyclopropene to extend storage life. Food Chemistry, 121(4), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.005
Ministerio de Agricultura de la República Dominicana. (2025). Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://agricultura.gob.do/category/estadisticas-agropecuarias/
Nasri, C., Halabi, Y., Hajib, A., Choukri, H., Harhar, H., Lee, L.H., Mani, V., Ming, L.C., Goh, K.W., Bouyahya, A., & Tabyaoui, M. (2023). Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (15 de noviembre de 2024). Comparar Datos. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#compare
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (11 de junio de 2025). Cantidades de producción de aguacates por país, promedio 1994-2023. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QCL
Payano-Almánzar, R., & Rodríguez, J. (2018). Meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought in the Dominican Republic: A review. Current World Environment, 13(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.12
Ramírez-Guerrero, T., Hernandez-Perez, M.I., Tabares, M.S., Marulanda-Tobon, A., Villanueva, E., & Peña, A. (2023). Agroclimatic and phytosanitary events and emerging technologies for their identification in avocado crops: A systematic literature review. Agronomy, 13(8), 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081976
Salazar, S., Medina, R.E., & Álvarez, A. (2016). Evaluación inicial de algunos aspectos de calidad del fruto de aguacate ‘Hass’ producido en tres regiones de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 7(2), 277-289. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=263145278005
Sanchez-Rosario, R., Castillo, L., Féliz-Jiménez, A., Vargas, S., Pérez-Romero, R., Aquino, M., & Abutokaikah, M. T. (2025). Characterization of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed extract from the variety Semil 34 cultivated in the Dominican Republic. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020922
Satriana, S., Supardan, M.D., Arpi, N., & Wan, W.A. (2019). Development of methods used in the extraction of avocado oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 121(1), 1800210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201800210
Tesfaye, T., Ayele, M., Gibril, M., Ferede, E., Limeneh, D.Y., & Kong, F. (2022). Beneficiation of avocado processing industry by-product: A review on future prospect. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, (5) 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100253
Torres-Quezada, E., Fuentes-Peñailillo, F., Gutter, K., Rondón, F., Marmolejos, J. M., Maurer, W., & Bisono, A. (2025). Remote sensing and soil moisture sensors for irrigation management in avocado orchards: A practical approach for water stress assessment in remote agricultural areas. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040708
Vinha, A.F., Moreira, J., & Barreira, S.V. (2013). Physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the algarvian avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(12), 100. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n12p100
Young, A., Aborn, D., Latta, S. C., & Boyd, J. N. (2023). Avian use of avocado farms and intact forest in the northern Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology, 36, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.147-161
Zakaria, L. (2021). Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in tropical fruit crops-A Review. Agriculture, 11(4), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040297
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (1990). Official methods on analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 15th ed. U.S.A.
Chávez, S.N., De León, P.G., Campos, L.G., Flores, A.C., Castillo, R.G., Ascacio, J.A., López, C.M., & Rodríguez, R. (2024). Propiedades nutrimentales, fitoquímicas y sensoriales de frutos de aguacate criollo de Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila. ERA Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios, 11(2), e3838. https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a11n2.3838
Chimuti, N., Takalani, T.K., & Anyasi, T. (2021). Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil extract obtained using cold press technology. Food Research, 5 (4), 360–365. https://www.myfoodresearch.com/uploads/8/4/8/5/84855864/_44__fr-2021-032_chimuti_2.pdf
De Carvalho, D. A., Andrade dos Santos, V., Pasqual, M., Sayuri, B., Lee, D., Fontes, G., Rodrigues, V., Duarte, C., Prado, M, Rodrigues, A. & das Graças, M. (2021). Aceite de pulpa de cuatro variedades de aguacate: extracción, rendimiento, caracterización y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante. Investigación, Sociedad y Desarrollo 10 (12), e401101220541. https://doi.org/10.33448/RSD-V10I12.20541
Fonseca Duarte, P., Alves Chaves, M., Dellinghousen Borges, C.R., & Barboza Mendonça, C.R. (2016). Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses. Ciencia Rural, Santa María, 46(4), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141516
Ford, N.A., Spagnuolo, P.., Kraft, J., & Bauer, E. (2023). Nutritional composition of Hass avocado pulp. Foods, 12(13), 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132516.
Hammami, A. M., Huang, K. M. & Guan, Z. (2024). Overview of the avocado market in the United States: FE1150, 8/2024. EDIS, 2024 (4). Gainesville, Florida. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1150-2024.
Ge, Y., Si, X., Cao, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, W., & Ma, W. (2017). Morphological characteristics, nutritional quality, and bioactive constituents in fruits of two avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Hainan province, China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p8
Henríquez Arias, L.E., Patiño Gómez, J.H., & Salazar, J.A. (2012). Application of the matrixes engineering on the development of minimally processed Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) with additions of vitamin C and calcium. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 9(2), 44-54. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69525875016
Kilaru, A., Cao, X., Dabbs, P.B., Sung, H.J., Rahman, M.M., Thrower, N., Zynda, G., Podicheti, R., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Herrera-Estrella, L., Mockaitis, K., & Ohlrogge, J.B. (2015). Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0586-2
Krumreich, F.D., Mendonça, C.R., Borges, C.D., Crizel-Cardozo, M.M., dos Santos, M.A., Otero, D.M., & Zambiazi, R.C. (2024). Margarida avocado oil: Effect of processing on quality, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profile. Food Chemistry Advances, 4(100617), 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100617
Méndez Hernández, C., Grycz, A., Rios Mesa, D., Rodríguez Galdón, B. & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. (2024). The quality evaluation of avocado fruits (Persea americana mill.) of Hass produced in different localities on the Island of Tenerife, Spain. Foods, 13(7), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071058
Meyer, M.D., & Terry, L.A. (2010). Fatty acid and sugar composition of avocado, cv. Hass, in response to treatment with an ethylene scavenger or 1-methylcyclopropene to extend storage life. Food Chemistry, 121(4), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.005
Ministerio de Agricultura de la República Dominicana. (2025). Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://agricultura.gob.do/category/estadisticas-agropecuarias/
Nasri, C., Halabi, Y., Hajib, A., Choukri, H., Harhar, H., Lee, L.H., Mani, V., Ming, L.C., Goh, K.W., Bouyahya, A., & Tabyaoui, M. (2023). Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (15 de noviembre de 2024). Comparar Datos. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#compare
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (11 de junio de 2025). Cantidades de producción de aguacates por país, promedio 1994-2023. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QCL
Payano-Almánzar, R., & Rodríguez, J. (2018). Meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought in the Dominican Republic: A review. Current World Environment, 13(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.12
Ramírez-Guerrero, T., Hernandez-Perez, M.I., Tabares, M.S., Marulanda-Tobon, A., Villanueva, E., & Peña, A. (2023). Agroclimatic and phytosanitary events and emerging technologies for their identification in avocado crops: A systematic literature review. Agronomy, 13(8), 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081976
Salazar, S., Medina, R.E., & Álvarez, A. (2016). Evaluación inicial de algunos aspectos de calidad del fruto de aguacate ‘Hass’ producido en tres regiones de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 7(2), 277-289. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=263145278005
Sanchez-Rosario, R., Castillo, L., Féliz-Jiménez, A., Vargas, S., Pérez-Romero, R., Aquino, M., & Abutokaikah, M. T. (2025). Characterization of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed extract from the variety Semil 34 cultivated in the Dominican Republic. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020922
Satriana, S., Supardan, M.D., Arpi, N., & Wan, W.A. (2019). Development of methods used in the extraction of avocado oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 121(1), 1800210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201800210
Tesfaye, T., Ayele, M., Gibril, M., Ferede, E., Limeneh, D.Y., & Kong, F. (2022). Beneficiation of avocado processing industry by-product: A review on future prospect. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, (5) 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100253
Torres-Quezada, E., Fuentes-Peñailillo, F., Gutter, K., Rondón, F., Marmolejos, J. M., Maurer, W., & Bisono, A. (2025). Remote sensing and soil moisture sensors for irrigation management in avocado orchards: A practical approach for water stress assessment in remote agricultural areas. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040708
Vinha, A.F., Moreira, J., & Barreira, S.V. (2013). Physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the algarvian avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(12), 100. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n12p100
Young, A., Aborn, D., Latta, S. C., & Boyd, J. N. (2023). Avian use of avocado farms and intact forest in the northern Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology, 36, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.147-161
Zakaria, L. (2021). Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in tropical fruit crops-A Review. Agriculture, 11(4), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040297
Published
2025-11-04
How to Cite
Alcántara-Marte, Y., Tejada-Torres, J., & Alcántara-De Tejada, Y. (2025). Proximal and physicochemical characterization of fruits from promising avocado genotypes in three areas in the Dominican Republic. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(4), e254250. Retrieved from http://www.produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/agronomia/article/view/44719
Issue
Section
Food Technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Yulisa Yanilka Alcántara-Marte, José Esteban Tejada-Torres, Yanilka Yulisa Alcántara-De Tejada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
