Desarrollo de las competencias de los padres para apoyar la autodeterminación profesional de los niños: estudio de caso del Servicio de Apoyo a los Padres
Palabras clave:
orientación vocacional, asesoramiento parental, escolares, niños con discapacidad, familia
Resumen
A medida que un niño crece, sus padres actúan como figuras clave, no solo brindándole apoyo emocional, sino también como autoridad que moldea su comportamiento y valores. Los padres sirven como modelos a seguir, contribuyen al desarrollo de habilidades sociales, transmiten experiencias vitales y brindan apoyo en situaciones difíciles. El estudio explora la experiencia del Servicio de Apoyo a Padres, creado y en funcionamiento en la Universidad Estatal de Ciencias Sociales y Educación de Samara (Rusia). Se presentan los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre el problema de la autodeterminación profesional de los jóvenes. Se destaca la asesoría a padres sobre temas relacionados con la elección de profesión de sus hijos como una práctica eficaz de orientación vocacional. Se describen las formas de interacción entre especialistas universitarios y padres de estudiantes de diferentes edades, desde preescolar hasta la graduación, y se destacan las peculiaridades del trabajo con familias de niños con discapacidad. Las iniciativas para enseñar a los padres habilidades que apoyen la autodeterminación profesional de sus hijos se alinean con las recomendaciones modernas para la orientación profesional temprana y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales a lo largo de la vida. La evidencia indica que la participación de los padres en actividades de orientación profesional fomenta la formación de ideas positivas sobre el trabajo y la diversidad profesional en los niños, contribuyendo así a una autodeterminación profesional exitosa. Por lo tanto, parece beneficioso integrar estos proyectos en las estrategias educativas nacionales para garantizar la escalabilidad y un impacto sostenible.
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Citas
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Aleksandrova, E. P. (2023). “Problemy professionalnoi orientatsii shkolnikov” [“Problems of professional orientation of schoolchildren”]. Kazan Bulletin of Young Scientists, 3, 7–15.
Bakulina, S. Yu. (2024). “Aktivizatsiia roli roditelei v reshenii problem professionalnogo samoopredeleniia detei” [“Activation of the role of parents in problem solving of professional self-determination of children”]. Modern Additional Professional Pedagogical Education, 7 (4 (28)), 76–83.
Balaeva, Kh. M., Kindarova, Z. B., & Magomedova, M. M. (2023). “K voprosu o sotsialno-professionalnoi orientatsii shkolnikov” [“On the socio-professional orientation of schoolchildren”]. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya, 81-2, 83–86.
Chistiakova, S. N., & Agapova, G. G. (Eds.) (1989). Shkola i sluzhba proforientatsii [The school and the vocational guidance service]: Collection of scientific papers. Moscow: APS USSR, pp. 80.
Holland, J. (1964). Major programs of research on vocational behavior. Man in a word at work. Boston, pp. 259–284.
Ilin, E. P. (2008). Differentsialnaia psikhologiia professionalnoi deiatelnosti [Differential psychology of professional activity]. St. Petersburg: Piter, pp. 432.
Klimov, E. A. (2012). Psikhologiia professionalnogo samoopredeleniia [Psychology of professional self-determination]: Textbook for students of higher educational institutions studying in specialties: 031000 - Pedagogy and psychology, 031300 - Social pedagogy, 033400 – Pedagogy. 5th ed., ster. Moscow: Akademia, pp. 301.
Kliucharev, G. A. (2015). “Razryv obrazovaniia i rynka truda: mnenie ekspertov” [“ ‘Rupture’ of education and labor market: Experts’ opinions”]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 11, 49–56.
Konstantinovskiy, D. L., & Popova, S. S. (2015). “Molodezh’, rynok truda i ekspansiya vysshego obrazovaniya” [“Youth, labor market and expansion of higher education”]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 11, 37–48.
Kuznetsova, E. S. (2020). Refleksivnye portrety materei s razlichnymi stiliami roditelskogo otnosheniia k rebenku [Reflective portraits of mothers with different styles of parental attitude to the child]. Summary of a Candidate degree dissertation in Psychology: 19.00.07, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, pp. 19.
Leontiev, D. A., & Shelobanova, E. V. (2001). “Professionalnoe samoopredelenie kak postroenie obrazov budushchego” [“Professional self-determination as building the image of the future”]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 1, 57–66.
Lipai, T. P., Volkova, O. A., & Zhilenkova, O. A. (2015). “Sredstva massovoi informatsii i formirovanie tsennostei i stigm u starsheklassnikov” [“Mass media and the development of values and stigmas in high school students”]. Sociology of Education, 10, 71–75.
Martynenko, S. A. (2006). Proforientatsiia uchashchikhsia v strukture deiatelnosti shkolnogo psikhologa [Career guidance of students in the structure of school psychologists’ work]. In: Aktualnye problemy proforientatsii i profadaptatsii [Current issues of career guidance and vocational adaptation]: Collected articles (Vol. 5, pp. 90–93). Baranovichi: BarSU.
Morozova, S. V. (2004). Problema professionalnoi orientatsii, i professionalnoi gotovnosti molodezhi v sovremennykh usloviiakh [The problem of vocational guidance and the professional readiness of young people in modern conditions]. In: Modernizatsiya obrazovaniya. regional’nyy aspekt [Modernization of education. Regional aspect]: Collection of the All-Russian interuniversity scientific and methodological conference, March 11-12, 2004 (pp. 166–168). Vologda: Vologda State Technical University.
Parent Support Service. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (n.d.). Available: https://sgspu.online/index.html (accessed 22.06.2025).
Parent Support Service – SSUSSE (n.d.). Available: https://vk.com/advicesgsu?ysclid=m2oe8pt349859661 (accessed 22.06.2025).
Priazhnikov, N. S., & Priazhnikova, E. Yu. (2012). Psikhologiia truda [Labor psychology]: Textbook for students of higher educational institutions studying in Psychology and psychological specialties. 6th ed., ster. Moscow: Akademia, pp. 476.
Rubinstein, S. L. (2022). Osnovy obshchei psikhologii [Fundamentals of general psychology]. St. Petersburg: Piter, pp. 705.
Sergeev, I. S. (2021). “Vliianie sotsiokulturnogo uklada semi na professionalnoe samoopredelenie detei i podrostkov” [“Influence of the socio-cultural structure of the family on the professional self-determination of children and adolescents”]. Vocational Education and Labor Market, 1, 115–130. https://doi.org/10.24412/2307-4264-2021-01-115-130
Skripova, N. E. (2019). “Novye pedagogicheskie instrumenty professionalnoi orientatsii shkolnikov” [“New pedagogical instruments of professional orientation of schoolchildren”]. Modern Pedagogical Education, 12, 132–135.
Skrynnikova, N. V., & Oganesova, N. L. (2021). “Vliianie semi na professionalnoe samoopredelenie podrostkov” [“The influence of the family on the professional self-determination of adolescents”]. Pedagogy: History, Prospects, 4, 27–34.
Smirnov, K. A. (2015). Organizatsionno-pedagogicheskaia rabota s semiami obuchaiushchikhsia v protsesse professionalnogo samoopredeleniia: o nekotorykh rezultatakh empiricheskogo issledovaniia [Organizational and pedagogical work with students’ families in the process of professional self-determination: Empirical research results]. In: Yevraziyskiy obrazovatel’nyy dialog [Eurasian educational dialogue]: Materials of the international forum (pp. 116–118). Yaroslavl: SAIAPE of the Yaroslavl Region “Institute for the Development of Education”.
Solovyev, A. N., & Makarenko, E. I. (2016). “Stanut li inzhenerami deti inzhenerov” [“Will engineers’ children become engineers]?” Agroinzheneriya, 6 (76), 10–14.
Stegniy, V. N. & Shuvalov, V. V. (2016). “Novye iavleniia v professionalnykh orientatsiiakh molodezhi Prikamia: traditsii, novatsii, faktory” [“New phenomena in the professional orientation of young people in Prikamye: Traditions, novelties, factors”]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 3, 60–72.
Timonin, A. I. (2012). “Professionalnoe vospitanie kak vospitanie sotsialnoe” [“Professional upbringing as social one”]. Vestnik of Nekrasov Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Social Work. Juvenology. Sociokinetics, 18 (1-1), 55–58.
Zakharov, L. V. (2017). O sistemnom podkhode k soprovozhdeniiu professionalnogo samoopredeleniia podrostkov i iunoshestva [On the systematic approach to supporting the professional self-determination of adolescents and youth]. In: Aktualnye voprosy razvitiiia sistemy professionalnoi orientatsii i obshchestvenno poleznoi deiatelnosti uchashchikhsia: Collected materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, October 25-27, 2017 (pp. 94–102). Petrozabodsk: PetrSu Publishing House.
Zeer, E. F. & Symaniuk, E. E. (2018). Psikhologiia transprofessionalizma [Psychology of transprofessionalism]: Monograph. Ekaterinburg: Yunika, pp. 172.
Publicado
2026-03-27
Cómo citar
Sevenyuk, S., Ivanova, M., & Belous, A. (2026). Desarrollo de las competencias de los padres para apoyar la autodeterminación profesional de los niños: estudio de caso del Servicio de Apoyo a los Padres. Interacción Y Perspectiva, 16(2), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19242739
Sección
Artículos de Investigación
