Habilidades gerenciales para co-crear valor educativo mediante estrategias disruptivas de marketing en el sector universitario peruano

Palabras clave: Habilidades gerenciales, co-creación de valor, marketing disruptivo, innovación educativa, educación superior

Resumen

El estudio examina cómo las universidades peruanas pueden responder a los retos de la globalización y la digitalización mediante la co-creación de valor educativo y la adopción de estrategias disruptivas de marketing. El objetivo fue analizar la incidencia de las habilidades gerenciales en la co-creación de valor educativo a través del marketing disruptivo en el sector universitario peruano. La metodología fue cualitativa y analítica, basada en la revisión y análisis de contenido de 29 documentos científicos seleccionados de las bases de Scopus y WoS, aplicando el método PRISMA y la Teoría Fundamentada para garantizar rigurosidad en la selección y codificación de la información. El principal resultado revela que las habilidades gerenciales, como la comunicación efectiva, inteligencia emocional, liderazgo, adaptabilidad y gestión del conocimiento, son fundamentales para promover la innovación y la co-creación de valor educativo. Asimismo, la integración de tecnologías digitales y estrategias de marketing disruptivo permite diferenciar a las universidades, incrementando la satisfacción y fidelización de los estudiantes. En conclusión, la combinación de habilidades gerenciales y marketing innovador es clave para la transformación y sostenibilidad de la educación superior peruana.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Biografía del autor/a

Africa Calanchez Urribarri

Doctora en Ciencias, mención Gerencia. Magister en Gerencia de Proyectos de Investigación y Desarrollo. Licenciada en Administración de Empresa, mención Gerencia Industrial. Docente Investigadora de la Carrera de Marketing de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales en la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú. Coordinadora del Grupo de Investigación SOCSOSVER. E-mail: calanchezafrica@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-9927

Judith Velázquez Castro

Doctora en Estudios Turísticos. Magister en Política y Gestión del Cambio Tecnológico. Magister en Ciencias en Alta Dirección de Empresas Turísticas. Profesora Investigadora de Tiempo Completo del Instituto de Ciencias Económico Administrativas en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Líder de la Red Latinoamericana para la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en el Turismo (RELIDIT). E-mail: judith_velazquez@uaeh.edu.mx ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-9293

Ana Padrón

Doctora en Ciencias Gerenciales. Magister Scientiarum en Gerencia Tributaria. Licenciada en Contaduría Pública. Docente e Investigadora en la Universidad ECOTEC, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador. E-mail: apadronm@ecotec.edu.ec ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-9543

Johan Méndez

Doctor en Ciencias Filosóficas. Doctor en Educación. Doctor en Ciencias Gerenciales. Magíster en Filosofía. Licenciado en Filosofía. Docente Titular e Investigador en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Miembro del Grupo de Investigación ATARAXIA. E-mail: jmendezr@ups.edu.ec ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-223X

Citas

Aarabe, M., Ben Khizzou, N., Alla, L., y Benjelloun, A. (2024). Marketing applications of emerging technologies: A systematic literature review. In L. Alla, A. Hmioui y B. Bentalha (Eds.), AI and Data Engineering Solutions for Effective Marketing (pp. 23-47). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3172-9.ch002

Abdul-Rahim, H. Z., Sharbini, S. H., Ali, M., Hashim, S. H., y Abdul-Mumin, K. H. (2025). Leadership and management skills for student nurses: A scoping review. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02603-7

Ahonen, H., Franska, N., Palonen, T., Reinius, H., Tiippana, N., y Hakkarainen, K. (2024). From autonomous actors to collaborative professionals: Perceptions of co-teaching in a Finnish school community. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 68(7), 1488-1502. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2023.2250376

Al-kumaim, N. H., Alhazmi, A. K., Ramayah, T., Shabbir, M. S., y Gazem, N. A. (2021). Sustaining continuous engagement in value co-creation among individuals in universities using online platforms: Role of knowledge self-efficacy, Commitment and Perceived Benefits. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6378808 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637808

Arias, R. M., y Mejía, J. V. (2021). Knowledge management in two universities before and during the COVID-19 effect in Peru. Technology in Society, 64, 101479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101479

Ariza, Y., Correa, C., Bohórquez, L. E., y Mendoza, J. M. (2025). Auto organización para la innovación curricular: Una mirada desde las universidades. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXXI(2), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i2.43766

Arrieta, M. D. C., y Avolio, B. (2020). Factors of higher education quality service: The case of a Peruvian university. Quality Assurance in Education, 28(4), 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-03-2020-0037

Basha, S. J., Rao, A. K., y Ammannamma, T. (2025). Transforming education with predictive analytics: A data-driven approach to student achievement. In T. Murugan, P. Karthikeyan y A. M. Abirami (Eds.), Driving Quality Education Through AI and Data Science (pp. 433-455). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8292-9.ch019

Baumann, J., y Le Meunier-FitzHugh, K. (2014). Trust as a facilitator of co-creation in customer-salesperson interaction – an imperative for the realization of episodic and relational value? AMS Review, 4(1-2), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0039-8

Benchekroun, S., Soulami, M., Meyabe, M.-H., Rhouiri, M., Bensouda, M., Aiboud-Benchekroun, B., y Marghich, A. (2024). The influence of digital marketing practices on student experience: A case research in the moroccan university context. International Journal of Technology, 15(6), 1823-1838. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v15i6.7224

Benevento, E., Aloini, D., Roma, P., y Bellino, D. (2025). The impact of influencers on brand social network growth: Insights from new product launch events on Twitter. Journal of Business Research, 189, 115123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115123

Burgos-Vera, O., Sotomayor-Beltran, C., Llulluy-Nunez, D., y Reyes, H. (2021). Teaching management skills to first year engineering students. EDUNINE 2021 - 5th IEEE World Engineering Education Conference: The Future of Engineering Education: Current Challenges and Opportunities, Proceedings (pp.1-4), Guatemala City, Guatemala. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUNINE51952.2021.9429141

Cabyova, L., Matusova, J. G., y Kubovics, M. (2024). The use of social networks Facebook and Instagram in the digital communication strategy of educational institutions. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(10), 5633. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i10.5633

Canal, A. I., Ovalles-Toledo, L. V., Sandoval, L. A., y Valdez, O. (2023). Liderazgo transformacional y su relación con la felicidad en el trabajo: Empresas sinaloenses del sector agroindustrial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39736

Canaza, Y. L., Torvisco, A. J., y Angulo, H. D. (2024). Analysis of digital marketing and its effect on the positioning of Peruvian universities in 2023. Suma de Negocios, 15(33), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2024.V15.N33.A5

Carey, P. (2013). Student as co-producer in a marketised higher education system: A case study of students’ experience of participation in curriculum design. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 50(3), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2013.796714

Carter, E., Onwuegbuzie, A., Singal, N., y Van Der Velde, L. (2021). Perceptions of teaching quality in Rwandan secondary schools: A contextual analysis. International Journal of Educational Research, 109, 101843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101843

Cheslock, J. J., y Riggs, S. O. (2021). Psychology, market pressures, and pricing decisions in higher education: The case of the US private sector. Higher Education, 81(4), 757-774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00572-9

Chintalapati, S., y Pandey, S. K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in marketing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Market Research, 64(1), 38-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853211018428

Christensen, C. M., McDonald, R., Altman, E. J., y Palmer, J. E. (2018). Disruptive innovation: An intellectual history and directions for future research. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1043-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12349

Dayal, G., Verma, P., y Sehgal, S. (2023). A comprehensive review on the integration of artificial intelligence in the field of education. In D. Sharma, B. Bhardwaj y M. Dhiman (Eds.), Leveraging AI and Emotional Intelligence in Contemporary Business Organizations (pp. 331-349). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1902-4.ch020

Del Moral, G., y Suárez-Relinque, C. (2020). La categorización familiar como técnica de apoyo al proceso de análisis que sigue la teoría fundamentada. Gaceta Sanitaria, 34(1), 87-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.09.007

Diaz, J. L., Abarca, Y., y Barreto, U. (2024). Alignment of work skills for management professionals in southern Peru. Revista de Gestao - RGSA, 18(2), e04863. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-068

Djakeli, K. (2018). From the disruptive marketing to the new model of prestigious branding. Quality-Access to Success, 19(S-3), 71-76. https://www.calitatea.ro/assets/arhiva/supliment/2018/Q-asContents_Vol.19_S3_October-2018.pdf

Donovan, L. A., Ishida, C., y Kaufman, P. (2018). Experiential learning and value co-creation in the classroom: A new examination using social media monitoring. In N. Krey y P. Rossi (Eds.), Back to the Future: Using Marketing Basics to Provide Customer Value. AMSAC 2017. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science (pp. 801-810). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66023-3_251

Douka, I. (2018). Eu discourses and policies for the modernization of the university: Governance and student-centred learning. Academia (Greece), (12), 32-58. https://doi.org/10.26220/aca.2881

Epstein, A. L., y Harding, G. H. (2019). Management styles and human resource development. In E. Iadanza (Ed.), Clinical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition (pp. 308-320). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813467-2.00049-3

Espinosa, A., Padilla, L., y Carrington, S. J. (2024). Educational spaces: The relation between school infrastructure and learning outcomes. Heliyon, 10(19), e38361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38361

Fajry, Annur, S., y Handayani, T. (2024). Strategi promosi prodi pendidikan sendratasik dalam meningkatkan jumlah mahasiswa. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i1.728

Flores, D. J. A., y Criollo, R. (2024). Effect of the 7P’s of the marketing mix on the sales strategies of a private university: A comprehensive analysis using the neutro-sophic PEST-SWOT approach. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 74, 549-559. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nss_journal/vol74/iss1/48/

Fosso, S., y Queiroz, M. M. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Cameroon: Challenges, benefits, and potential applications. In C. Monga (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Economy of Cameroon (pp. 713-730). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192848529.013.44

García, J., Paz, A., y Araujo, D. (2024). Habilidades gerenciales como ventaja competitiva para la sustentabilidad en pequeñas y medianas empresas de manufactura textil. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(1), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i1.41655

Gera, R., Mittal, S., Batra, D. K., y Prasad, B. (2017). Evaluating the effects of service quality, customer satisfaction, and service value on behavioral intentions with life insurance customers in India. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 8(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSSMET.2017070101

Ghasemi, H., y Norris, B. (2024). Interpersonal skills. In P. M. Perdersen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Sport Management (pp. 513-515). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317189.ch300

Gill, S. K., Dhir, A., Singh, G., y Vrontis, D. (2022). Transformative Quality in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Conceptualisation, scale development and validation. Journal of Business Research, 138, 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.029

Grill, M., Pousette, A., y Björnsdotter, A. (2024). Managerial behavioral training for functional leadership: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 44(1), 15-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2023.2171174

Hafer, J. A., y Kitchens, J. (2022). Articulating grounded theory methodology for public and nonprofit administration scholars and practitioners. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 5(4), 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvac018

Halim, R. E. (2018). The economic impact of relationship bonding tactics: A research agenda. European Research Studies Journal, XXI(1), 65-81. https://ersj.eu/journal/930

Hamzah, F., Abdullah, A. H., y Ma, W. (2024). Advancing education through technology integration, innovative pedagogies and emerging trends: A systematic literature review. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 41(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.1.4463

Helmold, M. (2022). Performance excellence in marketing, sales and pricing: Leveraging Change, Lean and Innovation Management. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10097-0_9

Hutton, B., Catalá-López, F., y Moher, D. (2016). La extensión de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas que incorporan metaanálisis en red: PRISMA-NMA. Medicina Clínica, 147(6), 262-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2016.02.025

Jiménez, R., Sánchez, V., y Pérez, A. J. (2023). Health, education and pandemic: An analysis of their relationship. Health Leadership and Quality of Life, 2, 195. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023195

Johnson, A. T. (2019). ICT4D, policy landscapes, and practice arenas: A review of and reflection on ICT actors and applications in African higher education. In A. W. Wiseman (Ed.), International Perspectives on Education and Society: Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018 (Vol. 37, pp. 133-156). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920190000037013

Kuo, H.-M., Yueh, F.-R., Chan, P.-M., Liang, S.-H., y Chang, Y.-J. (2024). Establishment of administrative core competencies and evaluation indicators for head nurses. Journal of Nursing, 71(2), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202404_71(2).06

Landeo-Quispe, A.-S., Belzusarri, J. Y., Camarena, M. O., y Almidón, C. A. (2022). Liderazgo eficaz: Enfoque para el desarrollo organizacional desde los resultados en cuanto a los inversionistas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(2), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i2.37941

Li, Y., Bernardi, R. C., y Burkholder, E. (2024). The effects of active learning on students’ sense of belonging and academic performance in introductory physics courses. European Journal of Physics, 45(4), 045705. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4fcd

Lion, C., Oni, O. A., y Fatoki, O. O. (2016). The link between student satisfaction and service quality: A case of a rural based public university. Journal of the Social Sciences, 47(3), 206-210.

Liu, R. (2023). Analysis of multimedia technology and mobile learning in English teaching in colleges and universities. Nonlinear Engineering, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2022-0300

Marini, C., Agostino, D., y Simoni, L. (2022). Co-Creating History: The case of WORTHY as a virtual collaborative museum. Journal of Museum Education, 47(3), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10598650.2022.2076777

Miller, J. D., Elattar, O., y Bach, V. N. (2023). Scientific method. In A. E.M. Eltorai, J. A. Bakal, S. F. DeFroda y B. D. Owens (Eds.), Translational Sports Medicine (pp. 9-13). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91259-4.00098-9

Monzón, A. S.., Illa-Sihuincha, G. P., Ruiz, R. E., y Candia, M. A. (2022). Neuromanagement y responsabilidad social: Factores clave en la gestión educativa universitaria. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-5), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38151

Neyra, C. A., Yangali, J. S., Huaita, D. M., y Tacilla, N. J. (2023). Aprendizajes de calidad en educación superior universitaria: Garantía de procesos de formación con impacto social. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(4), 428-443. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i4.41270

Núñez, N., y Díaz, D. (2017). Management skills profile in directors of educational institutions. Estudios Pedagógicos, 43(2), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052017000200013

Olena, C., Tetіana, T., Violeta, A., Viktoria, K., y Leonid, P. (2024). Use of artificial intelligence in the formation of the marketing strategy of the enterprise. In I. Karabegovic, A. Kovačević y S. Mandzuka (Eds.), New Technologies, Development and Application VII. NT 2024. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 1070, pp. 387-395). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66271-3_42

Pedersen, Z. P., y Williams, A. S. (2024). Marketing mix. In P. M. Pedersen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Sport Management (pp. 583-584). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317189.ch341

Pedraza-Rodríguez, J. A., Ruiz-Vélez, A., Sánchez-Rodríguez, M. I., y Fernández-Esquinas, M. (2023). Management skills and organizational culture as sources of innovation for firms in peripheral regions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 191, 122518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122518

Peña, E., Castillo, J. A.., y Roña, M. E. (2024). Impact of articulated management models on educational quality in Peru: A systematic review. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(7), 2976-2984. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i7.4695

Peters, K. (2010). National and International Developments in Leadership and Management Development. In J. Gold, R. Thorpe y A. Mumford (Eds.), Gower Handbook of Leadership and Management Development (pp. 23-38). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315585703

Praveena, D., Purushotham, E., Kumar, J. S., y Lakshmi, P. V. (2020). How the collaborative learning can strengthen the Teaching and learning process in Engineering Education, 981(2), 022091. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/981/2/022091

Puppis, M. (2019). Analyzing Talk and Text I: Qualitative content analysis. In H. Van den Bulck, M. Puppis, K. Donders y L. Van Audenhove (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research (pp. 367-384). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16065-4_21

Quiroz, J. L., Peeters, L., Chasco, C., y Aroca, P. (2022). Equal access to university education in Chile? An application using spatial heckman probit models. Mathematics, 10(2), 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10020280

Quiroz-Velasco, M.-T., y Mateus, J.-C. (2024). The Peruvian University: New models arising from the post-pandemic uncertainty? In S. Gennaro, N. Higdon y M. Hoechsmann (Eds.), Transformative Practice in Critical Media Literacy: Radical Democracy and Decolonized Pedagogy in Higher Education (pp. 59-68). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003375555-7

Reche, R., Bertolini, A., y Milan, G. (2019). Contribuição dos elementos de sustentação da cocriação de valor para a intenção de recompra: Uma abordagem teórica. ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 18(1), 58-72. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i1.3803

Rowland, M., Adefuye, A. O., y Vincent-Lambert, C. (2021). The need for purposeful teaching, learning and assessment of crisis resource management principles and practices in the undergraduate pre-hospital emergency care curriculum: A narrative literature review. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 18, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.33151/AJP.18.820

Ruangkanjanases, A., Sivarak, O., Wibowo, A., y Chen, S.-C. (2022). Creating behavioral engagement among higher education’s prospective students through social media marketing activities: The role of brand equity as mediator. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1004573. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004573

Sánchez, E. A., Benites, Y. K., y Pasache, M. B. (March 15-17, 2017). Relevant competences needed for a project manager to succeed in innovation projects. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2017, IMECS 2017 (Vol. II, pp. 823-827). Hong Kong. https://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2017/IMECS2017_pp823-827.pdf

Sello, B., Yong, J., y Tao, X. (2024). Erdos: A novel blockchain consensus algorithm with equitable node selection and deterministic block finalization. Data Science and Engineering, 9(4), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-024-00251-0

Shahvari, S. B., Yaghoubi, N. M., y Vafadar, M. (2021). Developing a model of key managerial competencies using meta-synthesis approach. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 32(3), 279-306. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2021.113631

Sharma, R., y Dhote, T. (2022). Disrupting the traditional marketing process and decision making using augmented and virtual reality. 2022 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA) (pp. 362-366). Chiangrai, Thailand, https://doi.org/10.1109/DASA54658.2022.9765154

Silva, I., y Soares, J. (2020). Critérios e estratégias de qualidade e rigor na pesquisa qualitativa. Ciencia y Enfermeria, 26, 28. https://doi.org/10.29393/CE26-22CEIS20022

Strauss, A., y Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigación cualitativa: Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Universidad de Antioquia.

Survilaite, E., Auruskeviciene, V., Židonis, Ž., Misiunas, D., y Sidlauskiene, J. (2024). Enhancing education service outcomes through value co-creation. Baltic Journal of Management, 19(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-12-2022-0474

Tholia, S. N., Rastogi, M., Gupta, S. S., y Pandey, D. (2022). Role of Interpersonal Communication in Workplace. World Journal of English Language, 12(3), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n3p64

Wiid, R. (2018). Co-Creation in a marketing classroom: An abstract. In N. Krey y P. Rossi (Eds.), Boundary Blurred: A Seamless Customer Experience in Virtual and Real Spaces. AMSAC 2018. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science (pp. 35-36). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99181-8_14

Yilmaz, I. (2018). Service quality and marketing. En The Routledge Handbook of Destination Marketing (pp. 92-99). Springer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315101163
Publicado
2025-10-09
Cómo citar
Calanchez Urribarri, A., Velázquez Castro, J., Padrón, A., & Méndez, J. (2025). Habilidades gerenciales para co-crear valor educativo mediante estrategias disruptivas de marketing en el sector universitario peruano. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 31, 195-215. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i.44560
Sección
Artículos