Efecto de la suplementación dietaria con iones sobre el crecimiento y supervivencia de Penaeus vannamei en precría con agua de pozo
Palabras clave:
supervivencia, conversión alimenticia, suplementación mineral, postlarvas, baja salinidad
Resumen
La acuicultura se ha convertido en una actividad esencial para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria global, siendo el camarón blanco (Penaeus vannamei) una de las especies más importantes por su alta demanda y capacidad de adaptación a diversos entornos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la suplementación dietaria con iones sobre la supervivencia, crecimiento y la eficiencia alimenticia de P. vannamei durante la etapa de precría utilizando agua de pozo. El experimento incluyó un tratamiento control (T0) con agua de mar (34 ppt) sin adición de iones, y tres tratamientos con agua de pozo y dietas suplementadas: T1 (0,1 mg Ca²⁺, 1,2 mg Mg²⁺, 0,4 mg K⁺), T2 (0,2 mg Ca²⁺, 2,2 mg Mg²⁺, 0,8 mg K⁺) y T3 (0,4 mg Ca²⁺, 4,2 mg Mg²⁺, 1,4 mg K⁺). Cada tratamiento tuvo tres repeticiones con 50 postlarvas por tanque, durante un periodo de 28 días. Se detectaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en supervivencia, crecimiento y factor de conversión alimenticia (FCA). El mayor crecimiento (1,03 %) se registró en T0, seguido de T2 (0,91 %) y T3 (0,83 %), mientras que T1 presentó el menor crecimiento (0,68 %) y mejor FCA (1,027). Sin embargo, el tratamiento T3 alcanzó un equilibrio favorable entre crecimiento y supervivencia (94,5 %), con una eficiencia alimenticia competitiva (1,091). Se concluye que la suplementación iónica en dietas permite mejorar el rendimiento zootécnico de P. vannamei cultivado en agua de pozo, y que el ajuste adecuado de las concentraciones de Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ y K⁺ en el alimento puede optimizar tanto la supervivencia como la conversión alimenticia, especialmente en condiciones de baja salinidad.
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-5131.2010.01036.x
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Saraswathy, R., Moturi, M., Changaramkumarath, B., Rameshbabu, R., Suvana. S., Periyamuthu, K., Jagabattulla, D., Satheesha, A., Arunachalam, N., & Koyadan, V. (2020). Osmo-ionic regulation in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to climate change-induced low salinities. Aquaculture Research, 51(11), 4693–4705. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14933
Song, J., Zheng, C., Hao, Q., Huang, J., Huang, W., Chi, S., Tan, B., Huang, W., & Xie, S. (2025). Mineral supplementation protected intestinal health in Litopenaeus vannamei by alleviating the immune response and oxidative damage caused by high-level of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein. Aquaculture Reports, 43(15), 102991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102991
Valenzuela-Madrigal, I., Valenzuela, W., Esparza, H., Rodriguez, G., & Aragon, G. (2017). Effects of ionic composition on growth and survival of L. vannamei. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 52(1), 103–112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572017000100008
Wang, Z., Qu, Y., Yan, M., Li, J., Zou, J., & Fan, L. (2019). Physiological responses of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to temperature fluctuation in low-salinity water. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01025
Amir, D., Ahl, R., Parsons, W., & McAuliffe, K. (2021). Children are more forgiving of accidental harms across development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 205, 105081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105081
Campa-Córdova, Á. I., Aguirre-Guzmán, G., Méndez-Martínez, Y., Medina-Félix, D., Ceseña, C. E., García-Armenta, J., & Valenzuela-Chávez, J. A. (2024). Immunochemical response and gene expression in juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to microorganisms isolated from the sea sediment. Veterinaria México OA, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2024.1207
Castillo-Ochoa, B., & Velásquez-López, P. (2021). Manejo estacional de los sistemas de producción de camarón en el Ecuador. Sociedad & Tecnología, 4(3), 447-461. https://doi.org/10.51247/st.v4i3.151
Federation, W. E., & Aph Association. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA, 21. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=1870039
Furtado, D., De Carvalho, S., Da Silva, L., Perazzo, G., & Gouveia de Souza, J. (2011). Desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaça de avez caipiras alimentadas com feno de erva-sal. Revista Caatinga, 24 (3), 182-189. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/22152
Galkanda‐Arachchige, H., Roy, L. & Davis, D. (2020). Evaluation of an alternative salt mixture to culture Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in inland aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 51(9), 3540-3550. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14691
Gil-Núñez, J., Martínez-Córdova, L., Servín-Villegas, R., Magallon-Barajas, F., Bórquez-López, R., Gonzalez-Galaviz, J. & Casillas-Hernández, R. (2020). Production of Penaeus vannamei in low salinity, using diets formulated with different protein sources and percentages. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 48(3), 396-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol48-issue3-fulltext-2361
Huong, D., Jasmani, S., Jayasankar, V., & Wilder, M. (2010). Na/K-ATPase activity and osmo-ionic regulation in adult whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to low salinities. Aquaculture. 304, 1–4, 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.03.025
Jaffer, Y., Saraswathy, R., Ishfaq, M., Antony, J., Bundela, D., & Sharma, P. (2019). Effect of low salinity on the growth and survival of juvenile pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei: A revival. Aquaculture, 515(15), 734561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734561
Juniarti H., Diniarti, N., & Scrabra, A. (2022). The effect of addition of calcium oxide (CaO) on the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei in freshwater. IJOTA Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquatic, 5(1), 50-63. https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/ijota/article/download/17899/12377/88445
Li, D. & Liu, S. Li. (2017). Water quality and mineral nutrition in aquaculture. Aquaculture Reports, 6, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811330-1.00012-0
Lucu, Č., & Towle, D. (2003). Na++K+-ATPase in gills of aquatic crustacea. . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology.
135(2), 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00064-3
Méndez-Martínez, Y., Gucić, M., Martinez-Cordova, L. Civera-Cerecedo, R., & Cortés-Jacinto (2021). Dry matter, protein, and energy digestibility of diets for juvenile Pacific white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared at different salinity levels. Ciência Rural. 51 (8), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190636
Morales-Cristobal, Y., Cortés-Jacinto, E., Saucedo, P. E., Méndez-Martínez, Y., Ledea-Rodríguez, J. L., Guzmán-Murillo, M. A., Sánchez-Ortiz, A. C., & Campa-Córdova, A. I. (2022). Dietary enrichment with crude protein content and feed additives (Bacillus spp. and yeast strains) improves growth performance, survival and circulating hemocytes in juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 57(1), 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2022.57.1.3361
Ordoñez-Iglesias, J., Méndez-Martínez, Y., & Zúñiga-Argudo, O. (2024). Effect of dietary ionic balance on the health of P. vannamei in pre-rearing stage cultured in well water. Revista ALLPA, 7(14), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.56124/allpa.v7i14.0079
Roy, L. A., Davis, D. A., Saoud, I. P., Boyd, C. A., Pine, H. J., & Boyd, C. E. (2010). Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2(4), 191–208.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-5131.2010.01036.x
Rubio, M., Silveira, R., Pérez, L., & González, N. (2012). Enfermedad de la mancha del caparazón en el camarón de cultivo Litopenaeus vannamei. Revista Electronica de Veterinaria, 13(7), 2-8. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n070712.html
Saraswathy, R., Moturi, M., Changaramkumarath, B., Rameshbabu, R., Suvana. S., Periyamuthu, K., Jagabattulla, D., Satheesha, A., Arunachalam, N., & Koyadan, V. (2020). Osmo-ionic regulation in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to climate change-induced low salinities. Aquaculture Research, 51(11), 4693–4705. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14933
Song, J., Zheng, C., Hao, Q., Huang, J., Huang, W., Chi, S., Tan, B., Huang, W., & Xie, S. (2025). Mineral supplementation protected intestinal health in Litopenaeus vannamei by alleviating the immune response and oxidative damage caused by high-level of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein. Aquaculture Reports, 43(15), 102991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102991
Valenzuela-Madrigal, I., Valenzuela, W., Esparza, H., Rodriguez, G., & Aragon, G. (2017). Effects of ionic composition on growth and survival of L. vannamei. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 52(1), 103–112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572017000100008
Wang, Z., Qu, Y., Yan, M., Li, J., Zou, J., & Fan, L. (2019). Physiological responses of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to temperature fluctuation in low-salinity water. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01025
Publicado
2025-09-04
Cómo citar
Ordoñez-Iglesias, J., Zambrano-Ostaiza, A., & Méndez-Martínez, Y. (2025). Efecto de la suplementación dietaria con iones sobre el crecimiento y supervivencia de Penaeus vannamei en precría con agua de pozo. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(3), e254242. Recuperado a partir de http://www.produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/agronomia/article/view/44394
Número
Sección
Producción Animal
Derechos de autor 2025 Juan P. Ordoñez-Iglesias, Agustin N. Zambrano-Ostaiza, Yuniel Méndez-Martínez
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
