Revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia de la intervención de gratitud en personas sanas
Abstract
La gratitud se reconoce como una práctica psicológica que favorece el bienestar y la salud emocional. Estudios recientes destacan su potencial para fortalecer indicadores positivos en personas sanas. Por ello, se analizó la evidencia disponible sobre su efectividad en esta población. Se revisó la literatura siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA en bases como Google Scholar y PUBMED, utilizando términos como “intervención de gratitud”, “cuantitativa”, “diario de gratitud” y “carta de gratitud”, considerando publicaciones entre 2019 y 2023. La búsqueda arrojó 97 artículos: 57 en Google Scholar y 40 en PUBMED. Tras evaluar títulos y resúmenes, se seleccionaron 18 artículos; de estos, 6 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión tras una revisión completa. Además, se incorporaron 4 estudios adicionales al revisar bibliografía y citas, obteniendo un total de 10 artículos para el análisis. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones de gratitud mejoran el bienestar psicológico y reducen síntomas negativos como la depresión. Sin embargo, muchos estudios no presentan resultados estadísticamente significativos. En conclusión, la gratitud muestra efectos positivos prometedores, pero se requiere mayor evidencia científica para confirmar su efectividad en personas sanas.
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References
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Boggiss, A. L., Consedine, N. S., Brenton-Peters, J. M., Hofman, P. L., y Serlachius, A. S. (2020). A systematic review of gratitude interventions: Effects on physical health and health behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 135, 110165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110165
Bohlmeijer, E., Kraiss, J., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., y Ten Klooster, P. (2022). Gratitude as mood mediates the effects of a 6-weeks gratitude intervention on mental well-being: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 799447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.799447
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Celano, C. M., Gomez-Bernal, F., Mastromauro, C. A., Beale, E. E., DuBois, C. M., Auerbach, R. P., y Huffman, J. C. (2020). A positive psychology intervention for patients with bipolar depression: A randomized pilot trial. Journal of Mental Health, 29(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521942
Cuello, M. I., y Grasso, L. (2021). Intervención en psicología positiva en adultos mayores que asisten a centros de jubilados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista Argentina de Salud Pública, 13, 171-180. https://rasp.msal.gov.ar/index.php/rasp/article/view/639
Cunha, L. F., Pellanda, L. C., y Reppold, C. T. (2019). Positive psychology and gratitude interventions: A randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584
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Diniz, G., Korkes, L., Tristão, L. S., Pelegrini, R., Lacerda, P., y Marques, W. (2023). The effects of gratitude interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein, 21, eRW0371. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585888/
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Emmons, R. A., y McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
Fekete, E. M., y Deichert, N. T. (2022). A brief gratitude writing intervention decreased stress and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(6), 2427-2448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00505-6
Geier, M. T., y Morris, J. (2022). The impact of a gratitude intervention on mental well-being during COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study of university students. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12359
Gough, D., Oliver, S., y Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. SAGE Publications.
Hazlett, L. I., Moieni, M., Irwin, M. R., Haltom, K. E. B., Jevtic, I., Meyer, M. L., Breen, E. C., Cole, S. W., y Eisenberger, N. I. (2021). Exploring neural mechanisms of the health benefits of gratitude in women: A randomized controlled trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 95, 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.019
Hobbs, C., Armitage, J., Hood, B., y Jelbert, S. (2022). A systematic review of the effect of university positive psychology courses on student psychological wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1023140. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023140
Hussong, A. M., Coffman, J. L., y Thomas, T. E. (2020). Gratitude conversations: An experimental trial of an online parenting tool. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(2), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1610484
Kalamatianos, A., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., y Kourmousi, N. (2023). The role of gratitude in a positive psychology group intervention program implemented for undergraduate engineering students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060460
Kloos, N., Austin, J., Van ‘t Klooster, J.-W., Drossaert, C., y Bohlmeijer, E. (2022). Appreciating the good things in life during the Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial and evaluation of a gratitude app. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(8), 4001-4025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00586-3
Komase, Y., Watanabe, K., Hori, D., Nozawa, K., Hidaka, Y., Iida, M., Imamura, K., y Kawakami, N. (2021). Effects of gratitude intervention on mental health and well-being among workers: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), e12290. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12290
Lopera, J. D. (2015). El concepto de salud mental en algunos instrumentos de políticas públicas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 32(S-1), S11-S20. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/fnsp/article/view/19792
Nawa, N. E., y Yamagishi, N. (2021). Enhanced academic motivation in university students following a 2-week online gratitude journal intervention. BMC Psychology, 9, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00559-w
Pan, A., Ali, K., Kahathuduwa, C., Baronia, R., e Ibrahim, Y. (2022). Meta-analysis of positive psychology interventions on the treatment of depression. Cureus, 14(2), e21933. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21933
Park, N., Peterson, C., Szvarca, D., Vander, R. J., Kim, E. S., y Collon, K. (2014). Positive psychology and physical health: Research and applications. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 10(3), 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827614550277
Pina, I., Braga, C. D. M., De Oliveira, T. F. R., De Santana, C. N., Marques, R. C., y Machado, L. (2021). Positive psychology interventions to improve well-being and symptoms in people on the schizophrenia spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(4), 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1164
Sansone, R. A., y Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and well being: The benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry, 7(11), 18-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010965/
Tala, Á. (2019). Thanks for everything: A review of gratitude from neurobiology to the clinic. Revista Médica de Chile, 147(6), 755-761. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872019000600755
Tejada-Gallardo, C., Blasco-Belled, A., Torrelles-Nadal, C., y Alsinet, C. (2020). Effects of school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1943-1960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01289-9
Townsley, A. P., Li-Wang, J., y Katta, R. (2023). Healthcare workers’ well-being: A systematic review of positive psychology interventions. Coreus, 15(1), e34102. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34102
Benoit, V., y Gabola, P. (2021). Effects of positive psychology interventions on young children’s well-being: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal Environmental Research Public Health, 18(22), 12065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212065
Boggiss, A. L., Consedine, N. S., Brenton-Peters, J. M., Hofman, P. L., y Serlachius, A. S. (2020). A systematic review of gratitude interventions: Effects on physical health and health behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 135, 110165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110165
Bohlmeijer, E., Kraiss, J., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., y Ten Klooster, P. (2022). Gratitude as mood mediates the effects of a 6-weeks gratitude intervention on mental well-being: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 799447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.799447
Caycho, T. (2011). El concepto de gratitude desde una perspectiva psicológica. Revista de Psicología, 13(1), 105-112. https://revistas.ucv.edu.pe/index.php/revpsi/article/view/672
Celano, C. M., Gomez-Bernal, F., Mastromauro, C. A., Beale, E. E., DuBois, C. M., Auerbach, R. P., y Huffman, J. C. (2020). A positive psychology intervention for patients with bipolar depression: A randomized pilot trial. Journal of Mental Health, 29(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521942
Cuello, M. I., y Grasso, L. (2021). Intervención en psicología positiva en adultos mayores que asisten a centros de jubilados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista Argentina de Salud Pública, 13, 171-180. https://rasp.msal.gov.ar/index.php/rasp/article/view/639
Cunha, L. F., Pellanda, L. C., y Reppold, C. T. (2019). Positive psychology and gratitude interventions: A randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584
Czyżowska, N., y Gurba, E. (2022). Enhancing meaning in life and psychological well-being among a European cohort of young adults via a gratitude intervention. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 751081. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751081
Diniz, G., Korkes, L., Tristão, L. S., Pelegrini, R., Lacerda, P., y Marques, W. (2023). The effects of gratitude interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein, 21, eRW0371. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585888/
Donaldson, S. I., Lee, J. Y., y Donaldson, S. I. (2019). Evaluating positive psychology interventions at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 4, 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00021-8
Emmons, R. A., y McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
Fekete, E. M., y Deichert, N. T. (2022). A brief gratitude writing intervention decreased stress and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(6), 2427-2448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00505-6
Geier, M. T., y Morris, J. (2022). The impact of a gratitude intervention on mental well-being during COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study of university students. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12359
Gough, D., Oliver, S., y Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. SAGE Publications.
Hazlett, L. I., Moieni, M., Irwin, M. R., Haltom, K. E. B., Jevtic, I., Meyer, M. L., Breen, E. C., Cole, S. W., y Eisenberger, N. I. (2021). Exploring neural mechanisms of the health benefits of gratitude in women: A randomized controlled trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 95, 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.019
Hobbs, C., Armitage, J., Hood, B., y Jelbert, S. (2022). A systematic review of the effect of university positive psychology courses on student psychological wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1023140. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023140
Hussong, A. M., Coffman, J. L., y Thomas, T. E. (2020). Gratitude conversations: An experimental trial of an online parenting tool. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(2), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1610484
Kalamatianos, A., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., y Kourmousi, N. (2023). The role of gratitude in a positive psychology group intervention program implemented for undergraduate engineering students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060460
Kloos, N., Austin, J., Van ‘t Klooster, J.-W., Drossaert, C., y Bohlmeijer, E. (2022). Appreciating the good things in life during the Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial and evaluation of a gratitude app. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(8), 4001-4025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00586-3
Komase, Y., Watanabe, K., Hori, D., Nozawa, K., Hidaka, Y., Iida, M., Imamura, K., y Kawakami, N. (2021). Effects of gratitude intervention on mental health and well-being among workers: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), e12290. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12290
Lopera, J. D. (2015). El concepto de salud mental en algunos instrumentos de políticas públicas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 32(S-1), S11-S20. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/fnsp/article/view/19792
Nawa, N. E., y Yamagishi, N. (2021). Enhanced academic motivation in university students following a 2-week online gratitude journal intervention. BMC Psychology, 9, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00559-w
Pan, A., Ali, K., Kahathuduwa, C., Baronia, R., e Ibrahim, Y. (2022). Meta-analysis of positive psychology interventions on the treatment of depression. Cureus, 14(2), e21933. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21933
Park, N., Peterson, C., Szvarca, D., Vander, R. J., Kim, E. S., y Collon, K. (2014). Positive psychology and physical health: Research and applications. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 10(3), 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827614550277
Pina, I., Braga, C. D. M., De Oliveira, T. F. R., De Santana, C. N., Marques, R. C., y Machado, L. (2021). Positive psychology interventions to improve well-being and symptoms in people on the schizophrenia spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(4), 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1164
Sansone, R. A., y Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and well being: The benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry, 7(11), 18-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010965/
Tala, Á. (2019). Thanks for everything: A review of gratitude from neurobiology to the clinic. Revista Médica de Chile, 147(6), 755-761. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872019000600755
Tejada-Gallardo, C., Blasco-Belled, A., Torrelles-Nadal, C., y Alsinet, C. (2020). Effects of school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1943-1960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01289-9
Townsley, A. P., Li-Wang, J., y Katta, R. (2023). Healthcare workers’ well-being: A systematic review of positive psychology interventions. Coreus, 15(1), e34102. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34102
Published
2025-08-26
How to Cite
Becerra Castillo, Z. P., Cuenca Robles, N. E., Palomino Tarazona, F. I., & Córdova García, U. (2025). Revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia de la intervención de gratitud en personas sanas. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 31(3), 570-583. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i3.44310
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