Influencia del ambiente laboral en la salud mental de los docentes universitarios: Un estudio multidimensional
Abstract
El vínculo entre el ambiente laboral y la salud mental ha sido extensivamente investigado, destacando que factores como el soporte institucional, las condiciones físicas, las relaciones interpersonales y la carga laboral, influyen significativamente en el bienestar psicológico. En particular, el contexto universitario presenta desafíos únicos debido a la alta autonomía y las intensas demandas intelectuales y emocionales que enfrentan los docentes. Este estudio se propuso analizar la influencia del ambiente laboral en la salud mental de los docentes de la Universidad Estatal de Milagro en Ecuador. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo-correlacional, recolectando datos de 168 docentes mediante un cuestionario estructurado en escala Likert para examinar múltiples dimensiones del entorno laboral. Los hallazgos indicaron que un soporte institucional adecuado y condiciones físicas óptimas del lugar de trabajo, contribuyen a reducir la percepción de carga laboral y a fomentar relaciones interpersonales positivas. Sin embargo, se observaron discrepancias significativas en la percepción del soporte institucional entre géneros, lo que señala la necesidad de ajustar las políticas para una mayor equidad. Se concluye que, se confirma la crítica influencia del ambiente laboral en la salud mental de los docentes, sugiriendo que mejoras dirigidas pueden beneficiar tanto el bienestar individual como la eficacia educativa.
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References
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Ariza-Montes, A., Arjona-Fuentes, J. M., Han, H., y Law, R. (2018). Work environment and well-being of different occupational groups in hospitality: Job Demand–Control–Support model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.010
Audenaert, M., Decramer, A., Lange, T., y Vanderstraeten, A. (2016). Setting high expectations is not enough. International Journal of Manpower, 37(6), 1024-1041. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2015-0201
Barr, M. H., Newman, S., Hunt, T. G., y Hunt, J. B. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy in handling violent events: Its impact on teacher wellbeing. International Journal of Management in Education, 16(2), 103. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2022.121172
Beraldin, A. R., Danese, P., y Romano, P. (2019). An investigation of the relationship between lean and well-being based on the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 39(12), 1295-1322. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-05-2019-0377
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Browning, M. H. E. M., Larson, L. R., Sharaievska, I., Rigolon, A., McAnirlin, O., Mullenbach, L., Cloutier, S., Vu, T. M., Thomsen, J., Reigner, N., Metcalf, E. C., D’Antonio, A., Helbich, M., Bratman, G. N., y Olvera, H. (2021). Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS ONE, 16(1), e0245327. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245327
Burch, P. (2007). Educational policy and practice from the perspective of institutional theory: Crafting a wider lens. Educational Researcher, 36(2), 84-95. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X07299792
Cerci, P. A., y Dumludag, D. (2019). Life satisfaction and job satisfaction among university faculty: The impact of working conditions, academic performance and relative income. Social Indicators Research, 144(2), 785-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-02059-8
Cevallos, D. P., Moreira-Choez, J. S., Lamus, T. M., y Sánchez-Urdaneta, A. B. (2023). Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 in Ecuadorian university professors. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(2), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i2.39960
Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S.-A., Paul, A., y Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees—Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability, 12(15), 6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
Delara, M. (2016). Social determinants of immigrant women’s mental health. Advances in Public Health, 2016, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9730162
Diestel, S., Wegge, J., y Schmidt, K.-H. (2014). The impact of social context on the relationship between individual job satisfaction and absenteeism: The roles of different foci of job satisfaction and work-unit absenteeism. Academy of Management Journal, 57(2), 353-382. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.1087
Dube, N., y Ndofirepi, T. M. (2024). Academic staff commitment in the face of a role (im)balance between work and personal life: can job satisfaction help? European Journal of Management Studies, 29(1), 31-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-08-2022-0048
Eldor, L. (2017). Looking on the bright side: The positive role of organisational politics in the relationship between employee engagement and performance at work. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 233-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12090
Flores, M., Alcívar, L. E., y Palma, G. M. (2023). Clima organizacional y su relación con el síndrome de burnout en empresas ecuatorianas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(3), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i3.40715
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Heilman, M. E., y Stopeck, M. H. (1985). Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance-based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex, and job type. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(2), 202-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90035-4
Jabbar, S. A. A., y Marshall, C. (2023). An investigation into managerial support for the psychological wellbeing of national health service doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 38(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3564
Jourdain, G., y Vézina, M. (2014). How psychological stress in the workplace influences presenteeism propensity: A test of the Demand–Control–Support model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(4), 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.754573
Kinsman, N., Marris, N., y Oakman, J. (2024). The impact of coworking spaces on workers’ performance, mental and physical health: A scoping review. Work, 77(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220353
Kiptulon, E. K., Elmadani, M., Limungi, G. M., Simon, K., Tóth, L., Horvath, E., Szőllősi, A., Galgalo, D. A., Maté, O., y Siket, A. U. (2024). Transforming nursing work environments: the impact of organizational culture on work-related stress among nurses: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1526. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-12003-x
Laurillard, D. (2013). Rethinking University Teaching: A conversational framework for the effective use of learning technologies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315012940
Leksy, K., Wójciak, M., Gawron, G., Muster, R., Dadaczynski, K., y Okan, O. (2023). Work-Related stress of polish school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010805
Levecque, K., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., Van der Heyden, J., y Gisle, L. (2017). Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students. Research Policy, 46(4), 868-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008
Llanes-Castillo, A., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Reyes-Valdéz, M. L., y Cervantes-López, M. J. (2022). Burnout: Efectos del confinamiento en estudiantes universitarios en México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(3), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38451
Llorente-Barroso, C., Kolotouchkina, O., y Mañas-Viniegra, L. (2021). The enabling role of ICT to mitigate the negative effects of emotional and social loneliness of the elderly during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 3923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083923
Maamari, B. E., y Saheb, A. (2018). How organizational culture and leadership style affect employees’ performance of genders. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 26(4), 630-651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2017-1151
Maslach, C., y Leiter, M. P. (2017). New insights into burnout and health care: Strategies for improving civility and alleviating burnout. Medical Teacher, 39(2), 160-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1248918
Melanda, F. N., Salvagioni, D. A. J., Mesas, A. E., Durán, A., Ramos, P. H., Pereira, G., y Maffei, S. (2021). Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychological violence and teacher burnout. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94(6), 1211-1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01633-3
Montani, F., Vandenberghe, C., Khedhaouria, A., y Courcy, F. (2020). Examining the inverted U-shaped relationship between workload and innovative work behavior: The role of work engagement and mindfulness. Human Relations, 73(1), 59-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718819055
Moore, S., Grunberg, L., y Krause, A. J. (2015). Generational differences in workplace expectations: A comparison of production and professional workers. Current Psychology, 34(2), 346-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9261-2
Navajas-Romero, V., Ariza-Montes, A., y Hernández-Perlines, F. (2020). Analyzing the job demands-control-support model in work-life balance: A study among nurses in the European context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082847
Orazani, S. N., Reynolds, K. J., y Osborne, H. (2023). What works and why in interventions to strengthen social cohesion: A systematic review. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 53(10), 938-995. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12990
Ostermeier, T. C. J., Koops, W., y Peccei, R. (2023). Effects of job demands and resources on the subjective well-being of teachers. Review of Education, 11(3), e3416. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3416
Palvalin, M., Van der Voordt, T., y Jylhä, T. (2017). The impact of workplaces and self-management practices on the productivity of knowledge workers. Journal of Facilities Management, 15(4), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-03-2017-0010
Popenici, S. A. D., y Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-017-0062-8
Potter, R. E., Zadow, A., Dollard, M., Pignata, S., y Lushington, K. (2022). Digital communication, health & wellbeing in universities: A double-edged sword. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 44(1), 72-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2021.1975206
Pujol-Cols, L. (2021). Demandas laborales y burnout: Un estudio descriptivo en docentes argentinos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(4), 402-421. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i4.37280
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Published
2025-10-09
How to Cite
Novillo-Montoya, C. E., Vélez-Mendoza, L.-P., Cervantes-Martínez, L., & Valdés-Cabodevilla, R. C. (2025). Influencia del ambiente laboral en la salud mental de los docentes universitarios: Un estudio multidimensional. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 31, 487-502. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i.44579
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Artículos
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