Disfuncionalidad familiar y autoestima en el rendimiento académico: Un análisis predictivo multidimensional
Resumen
La relación entre entorno familiar y características psicológicas de los estudiantes ha sido ampliamente reconocida como un factor determinante en el rendimiento académico. Al respecto, la disfuncionalidad familiar, manifestada como falta de cohesión y flexibilidad, y la autoestima, en sus dimensiones generales y específicas, constituyen variables clave para entender el desempeño educativo en contextos universitarios. Este estudio analiza la disfuncionalidad familiar y la autoestima como predictores del rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios del cantón Milagro-Ecuador. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal y nivel descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 205 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología de una institución pública, seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Los resultados evidenciaron que la autoestima general y sus componentes específicos, conductual y afectivo, son predictores significativos del rendimiento académico, explicando más del 90% de su variabilidad. Asimismo, la disfuncionalidad familiar tuvo una influencia relevante, destacándose las dimensiones de cohesión y flexibilidad. Se concluye que tanto la autoestima como la disfuncionalidad familiar son predictores significativos del rendimiento académico. Esto subraya la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones educativas y familiares que fortalezcan la autoestima y promuevan un entorno familiar funcional para mejorar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes.
Descargas
Citas
Abuzar, M., y Purwandari, E. (2024). Self-Esteem Matters: Examining its impact on academic achievement in the context of gender and age diversity in higher education. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 6(2), 156-171. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v6i2.473 n
Aloia, L. S., y Strutzenberg, C. (2020). The influence of family cohesion and relational maintenance strategies on stress in first semester college students. Communication Quarterly, 68(4), 457-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2020.1821735
Andrade, D., Ribeiro, I. J. S., Prémusz, V., y Maté, O. (2023). Academic burnout, family functionality, perceived social support and coping among graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4832. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064832
Bates, T. C., Maher, B. S., Medland, S. E., McAloney, K., Wright, M. J., Hansell, N. K., Kendler, K. S., Martin, N. G., y Gillespie, N. A. (2018). The nature of nurture: Using a virtual-parent design to test parenting effects on children’s educational attainment in genotyped families. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 21(2), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2018.11
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., y Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431
Beroíza-Valenzuela, F., y Salas-Guzmán, N. (2025). Redefining academic trajectories: A comprehensive analysis of the factors and impacts of the gender gap in STEM higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 26(4), 928-947. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-02-2024-0129
Bos, A. E. R., Muris, P., Mulkens, S., y Schaalma, H. P. (2006). Changing self-esteem in children and adolescents: A roadmap for future interventions. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 62(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03061048
Bustamante, G. J., y Cabrera, L. B. (2022). Factores que inciden en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de bachillerato en el cantón Sucúa-Ecuador. Ciencia Digital, 6(4), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v6i4.2338
Cantor, P., y Osher, D. (Eds.) (2021). The science of learning and development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003038016
Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S., Tafà, M., Marzilli, E., Ballarotto, G., y Bracaglia, F. (2017). Family profiles in eating disorders: family functioning and psychopathology. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 305-312. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S145463
Chávez, J. R., y Peralta, R. Y. (2019). Estrés académico y autoestima en estudiantes de enfermería, Arequipa-Perú. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(E-1), 384-399. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v25i1.29629
DadeMatthews, A., Nzeakah, C., Onofa, L., DadeMatthews, O., y Ogundare, T. (2024). Teenage blues: Predictors of depression among adolescents in Nigeria. PLoS ONE, 19(4), e0293995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293995
Daniel, L. G., y King, D. A. (1997). Impact of inclusion education on academic achievement, student behavior and self-esteem, and parental attitudes. The Journal of Educational Research, 91(2), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679709597524
Delfín-Ruiz, C., Saldaña, C., Cano, R., y Peña, E. J. (2021). Caracterización de los roles familiares y su impacto en las familias de México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(E-3), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.36497
Deng, Y., Cherian, J., Khan, N. U. N., Kumari, K., Sial, M. S., Comite, U., Gavurova, B., y Popp, J. (2022). Family and academic stress and their impact on students’ depression level and academic performance. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 869337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869337
De Prada, E., Mareque, M., y Pino-Juste, M. (2024). Self-Esteem among University students: How it can be improved through teamwork skills. Education Sciences, 14(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010108
Devi, K. C., y Huwae, A. (2023). Self-esteem and academic resilience of student organization’s functionaries: Changes in academic development. KONSELI: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal), 10(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.24042/kons.v10i1.15047
Diab, S. Y., y Schultz, J.-H. (2021). Factors contributing to student academic underachievement in war and conflict: A multilevel qualitative study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97, 103211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103211
Ecclestone, K., y Lewis, L. (2014). Interventions for resilience in educational settings: challenging policy discourses of risk and vulnerability. Journal of Education Policy, 29(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2013.806678
Edirisingha, P., Aitken, R., y Ferguson, S. (2022). Setting up home: The role of domestic materiality in extended family identity formation. Journal of Business Research, 147, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.049
Feldman, D. B., Einav, M., y Margalit, M. (2018). Does family cohesion predict children’s effort? The mediating roles of sense of coherence, hope, and loneliness. The Journal of Psychology, 152(5), 276-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1447434
Fernandes, C. S., Magalhães, B., Silva, S., y Edra, B. (2022). Marital satisfaction of portuguese families in times of social lockdown. The Family Journal, 30(2), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807211009809
Fernández-Castillo, A., Chacón-López, H., y Fernández-Prados, M. J. (2022). Self-Esteem and resilience in students of teaching: Evolution associated with academic progress. Education Research International, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4854332
Frick, P. J. (1994). Family dysfunction and the disruptive behavior disorders: A review of recent empirical findings. In T. H. Ollendick y R. J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (Vol. 16, pp. 203-226). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9041-2_7
Goulbourne, H. (2006). Families, communities and social capital: Past and continuing false prophesies in social studies. Community, Work & Family, 9(3), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800600743412
Graziano, P. A., Reavis, R. D., Keane, S. P., y Calkins, S. D. (2007). The role of emotion regulation in children’s early academic success. Journal of School Psychology, 45(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.09.002
Greenfield, P. M., y Quiroz, B. (2013). Context and culture in the socialization and development of personal achievement values: Comparing Latino immigrant families, European American families, and elementary school teachers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.11.002
Habrat, A. (2018). The role of self-esteem in foreign language learning and teaching. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75283-9
Hadar, L. L., Ergas, O., Alpert, B., y Ariav, T. (2020). Rethinking teacher education in a VUCA world: Student teachers’ social-emotional competencies during the Covid-19 crisis. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 573-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1807513
Hampton, K. N., y Shin, I. (2023). Disconnection more problematic for adolescent self-esteem than heavy social media use: Evidence from access inequalities and restrictive media parenting in rural America. Social Science Computer Review, 41(2), 626-647. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221117466
Hong, F., Tarullo, A. R., Mercurio, A. E., Liu, S., Cai, Q., y Malley-Morrison, K. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and perceived stress in young adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies, self-efficacy, and resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.014
Jagers, R. J., Rivas-Drake, D., y Williams, B. (2019). Transformative Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): Toward SEL in service of educational equity and excellence. Educational Psychologist, 54(3), 162-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1623032
Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., Shanine, K. K., y Kacmar, K. M. (2017). Introducing the family: A review of family science with implications for management research. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 309-341. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2014.0053
Jiang, J. (2024). Impact of music learning on students’ psychological development with mediating role of self-efficacy and self-esteem. PLoS ONE, 19(9), e0309601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309601
Kroplewski, Z., Szcześniak, M., Furmańska, J., y Gójska, A. (2019). Assessment of family functioning and eating disorders – The mediating role of self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00921
Laghi, F., McPhie, M. L., Baumgartner, E., Rawana, J. S., Pompili, S., y Baiocco, R. (2016). Family functioning and dysfunctional eating among italian adolescents: The moderating role of gender. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-015-0543-1
Li, J., Han, X., Wang, W., Sun, G., y Cheng, Z. (2018). How social support influences university students’ academic achievement and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of self-esteem. Learning and Individual Differences, 61, 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.11.016
Liu, C., Chen, H., Xu, W., Dai, S., y Lin, S. (2024). The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in home–school co-education and psychological well-being among Chinese vocational college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1422845. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422845
Marujo, H. Á., y Casais, M. (2021). Educating for public happiness and global peace: Contributions from a Portuguese UNESCO chair towards the sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 13(16), 9418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169418
Masten, A. S. (2018). Resilience theory and research on children and families: Past, present, and promise. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 12-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255
Morales, J.-A. (2024). Caracterización del perfil del victimario, la víctima y del observador en la trama de la violencia escolar. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(2), 516-533. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i2.41931
Olszewski-Kubilius, P. (2018). The role of the family in talent development. In S. Pfeiffer (Eds.), Handbook of Giftedness in Children (pp. 129-147). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77004-8_9
Paley, B., y Hajal, N. J. (2022). Conceptualizing emotion regulation and coregulation as family-level phenomena. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 25(1), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-022-00378-4
Palomar-Lever, J., y Victorio-Estrada, A. (2014). Determinants of subjective well-being in adolescent children of recipients of the oportunidades human development program in Mexico. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0407-7
Papadopoulos, D. (2020). Effects of a social-emotional learning-based program on self-esteem and self-perception of gifted kindergarten students: A pilot study. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(3), 1275-1290. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.779438
Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., y McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369(9569), 1302-1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60368-7
Peixoto, F., y Almeida, L. S. (2010). Self-concept, self-esteem and academic achievement: Strategies for maintaining self-esteem in students experiencing academic failure. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 25(2), 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-010-0011-z
Pérez, J., Alcalá, M., Carrillo, M., y Arellano, W. (2022). Clima escolar familiar y su relación con el rendimiento académico: Aplicación en instituciones educativas rurales Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-6), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38826
Phan, H. P., y Ngu, B. H. (2020). Schooling experience and academic performance of Taiwanese students: The importance of psychosocial effects, positive emotions, levels of best practice, and personal well-being. Social Psychology of Education, 23(4), 1073-1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09569-9
Piel, M. H., Geiger, J. M., Julien‐Chinn, F. J., y Lietz, C. A. (2017). An ecological systems approach to understanding social support in foster family resilience. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 1034-1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12323
Pinto, E. E., Villa, A. R., y Pinto, H. A. (2022). Estrés académico en estudiantes de la Universidad de La Guajira, Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-5), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38147
Porter, S., McConnell, T., McLaughlin, K., Lynn, F., Cardwell, C., Braiden, H.-J., Boylan, J., y Holmes, V. (2017). Music therapy for children and adolescents with behavioural and emotional problems: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(5), 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12656
Prince, D., y Nurius, P. S. (2014). The role of positive academic self-concept in promoting school success. Children and Youth Services Review, 43, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.05.003
Reyes, S. E., y Oyola, M. S. (2022). Funcionalidad familiar y conductas de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo, 13(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.33595/2226-1478.13.2.687
Saeed, K. M., Ahmed, A. S., Rahman, Z. M., y Sleman, N. A. (2023). How social support predicts academic achievement among secondary students with special needs: The mediating role of self-esteem. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00316-2
Stolk, R. P., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Postma, D. S., De Boer, R. A., Navis, G., Slaets, J. P. J., Ormel, J., y Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R. (2008). Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases. European Journal of Epidemiology, 23(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-007-9204-4
Terranova, A. E., Viteri, E. A., Medina, G. M., y Zoller, M. J. (2019). Desarrollo cognitivo y funcionalidad familiar de infantes en las comunidades urbano-marginales de Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(E-1), 330-340. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v25i1.29626
Topçu, S., y Leana-Taşcılar, M. Z. (2016). The role of motivation and self-esteem in the academic achievement of Turkish gifted students. Gifted Education International, 34(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261429416646192
Vestad, L., y Tharaldsen, K. B. (2022). Building social and emotional competencies for coping with academic stress among students in lower secondary school. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 66(5), 907-921. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2021.1939145
Wang, Y., Tian, L., Guo, L., y Huebner, E. S. (2020). Family dysfunction and Adolescents’ anxiety and depression: A multiple mediation model. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 66, 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101090
Wu, H., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, L., y Guo, C. (2021). A meta-analysis of the longitudinal relationship between academic self-concept and academic achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1749-1778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09600-1
Yu, W., Qian, Y., Abbey, C., Wang, H., Rozelle, S., Stoffel, L. A., y Dai, C. (2022). The role of self-esteem in the academic performance of rural students in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013317
Zuffianò, A., Alessandri, G., Gerbino, M., Luengo, B. P., Di Giunta, L., Milioni, M., y Caprara, G. V. (2013). Academic achievement: The unique contribution of self-efficacy beliefs in self-regulated learning beyond intelligence, personality traits, and self-esteem. Learning and Individual Differences, 23, 158-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.07.010

Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.